| 释义 |
visceral, a.|ˈvɪsərəl|
[ad. med.L. viscerālis (Du Cange) internal, f. viscera: see prec. So OF. visceral (fig.), F. viscéral, Sp. visceral, It. viscerale.]
1. a. Affecting the viscera or bowels regarded as the seat of emotion; pertaining to, or touching deeply, inward feelings. Obs. after 17th c. and revived in the 20th.
1575Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 117 Thys warre is called Viscerall, for that it is bredde and begon in the hearte, and dissolueth and takes ende in the hearte. 1626T. H[awkins] tr. Caussin's Holy Court 288 He is vnited to all men, as oftentymes as they receyue him, by a viscerall transfusion of himselfe, as one should melt one waxe within another. 1627Donne Serm. (1640) 285 Christ here sends Paracletum in a more entire and a more internall and more Viscerall sense—a Comforter. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xi. 109 Love is of all other the inmost and most viscerall affection; and there⁓fore called by the apostle, ‘Bowels of love’. 1949Scrutiny XV. 152 A tendency to borrow the mantle of Mr. Wyndham Lewis in attacking the visceral and the formless in art and poetry. 1969Listener 31 July 162/3 Hardly any of them fall into the tragic error of modern straight music, which eschews visceral appeal entirely. 1976Publishers Weekly 1 Mar. 93/1 By accumulating a mass of homely details he gives his story of the death of Sgt. Mullen great visceral power and emotional impact. 1978J. Irving World according to Garp xvi. 321 Hoping that the visceral reality of Garp's language..somehow rescued the book from sheer soap opera.
†b. fig. Lying in the entrails or inward parts.
1624Donne Serm. xvii. (1640) 167 There is the land of Gold, centricall Gold, viscerall Gold, gremiall Gold, Gold in the Matrice and womb of God.
2. Phys. Of disorders or diseases: Affecting the viscera or internal organs.
1794in Morse Amer. Geog. I. 500 The Lebanon pool is famous for having wrought many cures..even in visceral obstructions and indigestion. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain ii. 919 A spring..much frequented for visceral disorders. 1862Smiles Engineers III. 247 Disease also fell upon him,—first fever, and then visceral derangement. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 288 The visceral lesions and cachexiæ which supervene on ague.
3. Anat. Of or pertaining to, consisting of, situated in or among, the viscera.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xxxviii. IV. 62 The bronchiæ..may be considered as consisting in general of..visceral ones which enter the cavity of the body, and are lost amongst the viscera and the caul [etc.]. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxx. (1856) 259 The lost art of petrified visceral monstrosities seen at the medical schools. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. p. xix, In the sub-kingdom vertebrata..visceral systems exist in specialized and differentiated forms. 1880Bastian Brian 34 Such communicating branches are especially numerous in the course of the visceral nerves.
b. visceral cavity, that part of an animal body in which the viscera are contained.
1846Dana Zooph. (1848) 11 A visceral cavity closed below. 1851S. P. Woodward Mollusca i. 31 Sea-water is admitted to the visceral cavity of many of the mollusks by minute canals. 1868Duncan Insect World Introd. 14 It is the unoccupied portions of the great visceral cavity which serve as conductors to the blood.
c. visceral hump, the dorsal enlargement, containing the viscera, of snails and other gastropod molluscs in which the ventral part is a foot.
1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 635/2 As the ventral foot is clearly separate from the projecting head, so is this dorsal region, and it is conveniently spoken of as the visceral hump or ‘dome’ (cupola). 1927E. Step Shell Life (new ed.) i. 23 Within the shell [of the Snail] is..the ‘visceral hump’ containing most of the internal organs. 1972M. S. Gardiner Biol. Invertebrates xi. 58/2 This and the coiling of the visceral hump has led, in a number of species, to the suppression of organs on one side (usually the right).
4. Pertaining to the viscera of animals used as a means of divination.
1833Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems 1850 I. 161, I..taught what sign Of visceral lightness, coloured to a shade, May charm the genial gods. 1861P. Hawker in C. E. Byles Life & Lett. (1905) xvii. 382, I have visceral augury.
5. Anat.
a. visceral layer, a portion of the arachnoid membrane.
1840G. V. Ellis Anat. 13 That portion of it..which covers the brain, or the visceral layer, is separated from the brain by a considerable interval. 1875Sir W. Turner in Encycl. Brit. I. 865/1 Many anatomists regard the arachnoid as the visceral layer of a serous membrane.
b. visceral arch, one of a set of parallel ridges in the region of the mouth in the embryonic skull. visceral cleft, one of the intervals between the visceral arches.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. p. xlvii, The malleus of Mammalia..being developed out of the proximal elements of the first visceral arch. 1872Mivart Elem. Anat. i. (1873) 5 These arches are separated by temporary apertures termed ‘visceral clefts’. 1875Sir W. Turner in Encycl. Brit. I. 831/1 Immediately below each maxillary lobe four arches, called branchial or visceral, arise in the ventral aspect of the head.
c. visceral brain, those parts of the brain which mediate bodily activity, esp. visceral activity, in response to emotion.
1949P. D. McLean in Psychosomatic Med. XI. 340 (caption) The shaded area of cortex represents what was formerly known as the limbic lobe of Broca and subsequently termed the rhinencephalon by Turner. It corresponds to what is arbitrarily referred to in this paper as the visceral brain. 1972H. J. Eysenck Psychology is about People i. 35 Emotionality-stability seems indissolubly linked with the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the expression of the emotions, and which in turn is organized and governed by the ‘visceral brain’.
Hence ˈviscerally adv.
a1636C. Fitzgeffrey Comp. tow. Captives iii. (1637) 38 Then shall your compassion extend it selfe more viscerally towards your afflicted brethren. 1965H. Kahn On Escalation vi. 119 Most individuals..conclude, at least viscerally, that the dangers are simply too great. 1970T. Roethke Sel. Lett. 173, I teach viscerally: I try to make up for ignorance by energy and enthusiasm. 1982Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Aug. 16/2 Viscerally, your friends recognize that what is involved here is not one issue, but your capacity to govern. |