| 释义 |
inflame, v.|ɪnˈfleɪm|
Forms: α. 4 enflaumme, 4–5 -flaume, -flawme, -flamme, 5 -fla(u)mbe, 5–9 enflame. β. 4 inflaume, 4–6 -flamme, 6 -flambe, 5– inflame.
[ME. a. OF. enflammer, -flamber, -flamer = Sp. inflamar, It. infiammare:—L. inflammāre, f. in- (in-2) + flamma flame. From the 16th c. the prefix has usually been in-, and the radical has the same phonetic history as flame n. and v.]
I. trans.
1. To cause to blaze or burst into flames; to set ablaze; to set on fire; to kindle.
1382Wyclif Mal. iv. 1 Alle proude men..shuln be stobil; and the day cummynge shal enflawme hem. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) ii. lx. (1859) 58 Of wexe ne of matche..ther cometh neuer stynke, but yf that it be fyrst enflammed with fyre. 1582–8Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 9 They..kendlit thair traine of gwn powder quhilk inflamit the timber of the haill hous. 1626Bacon Sylva §361 It is Heat, rather than Flame, which neuerthelesse is sufficient to Enflame the Oyl. 1631Heywood Eng. Eliz. (1641) 176 marg., Gardiner had inflamed many Martyrs, and hath now his body inflamed. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) Cc iv b, The fuse..inflames the powder. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 237 Action of platinum in inflaming hydrogen gas. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. viii. 104 Fire will inflame straw.
fig.1595Shakes. John v. i. 7 Vse all your power To stop their marches 'fore we are enflam'd: Our discontented Counties doe reuolt.
b. transf. To light up or redden as if with flame; to ‘fire’.
c1477Caxton Jason 73 Certayn oxen or bulles of fyre so grete that they enflamed alle the region of the ayer. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 577, I will my self conduct thee on thy Way, When next the Southing Sun inflames the Day. 1822Shelley Chas. I, i. 119 The torches Inflame the night to the eastward. 1892C. Haviland in Pall Mall G. 8 Aug. 3/1 The red, reflected sky Inflames the river, tints the trees.
2. fig. To set on fire with passion, strong feeling, or desire; to excite passionately.
a1340Hampole Psalter civ. 18 Þe worde of oure lord enflaummyd him. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, George 567 Hou dacyane..wes inflammyt of yre & tene. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) Pref. 2 Pride enuy and couetise has so enflaumbed þe hertes. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. viii. 330 The wil is heet and inflamyd into loue. 1560A. L. tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. Songe Ezech. iii. 61 If we be not then enflamed to praise him with full mouth. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 361 The multitud easelie inflambed gave the alarme. 1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 242 Honour, Revenge, Contempt and Shame Did equally their Breasts enflame. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. III. 18/1 Having their minds enflamed with passion. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 69 Court and country-party enflamed into a civil war by an unhappy concurrence of circumstances. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 215 The warning..had served only to enflame Suleiman with fresh ardour to seek him out. 1867Smiles Huguenots Eng. iii. (1880) 40 [They] did their utmost to inflame the minds of the people against the heretics.
b. To fire, kindle, rouse (passion, etc.).
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 2 It inflawmes þe affeccyone. 1573–80Baret Alv. I 141 His anger was inflamed againe. 1732in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 267 The motive that inflamed his passions upon that subject [Religion]. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) II. xviii. 162 The reports..of the first adventurers had inflamed the cupidity of many.
3. To heat, make hot; esp. to raise (the body or blood) to a feverish or morbid heat; to excite inflammation in.
1530Palsgr. 534/2 His lyver is al enflamed with drinkyng of hote wynes. 1589Cogan Haven Health ccxvii. (1636) 238 White wine inflameth or heateth least of all wines. 1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner N viij b, Hurtes..hot constitutions, by inflaming the inward parts, and blood. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 282, I put some of the wood into my mouth and chewed it;..for half an hour my mouth was inflamed as if I had taken so much Vitrol. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock iv. 69 If e'er thy Gnome could..Like Citron⁓waters matrons cheeks inflame. 1775R. Chandler Trav. Asia M. (1825) I. 340 We had..wooden lattices to admit the air, while cool; and with shutters to exclude it, when inflamed. 1847Tennyson Princ. i. 59, I saw my father's face Grow long and troubled..Inflamed with wrath. 1897Flor. Marryat Blood Vampire xv, Her eyes were inflamed with crying.
b. Of a stimulant. (Uniting senses 2 and 3.)
1560Bible (Genev.) Isa. v. 11 Wo vnto them, that rise vp early to followe drunkennes, and to them that continue vntil night, til the wine do inflame them. a1586Sir H. Sidney in Ussher's Lett. (1686) App. 23 Lest, being enforced to drink [wine] upon the sudden, you should find your self enflamed. 1678R. L'Estrange Seneca's Mor. (1702) 320 Others are enflam'd by Wine. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. ix. 116 Stimulants like wine inflame the senses.
4. To add heat or fuel to, to aggravate, augment in violence, exacerbate.
1607Hieron Wks. I. 353 How happy might I bee, if..I might either enkindle this desire, where hitherto it hath not beene, or might enflame it or adde heate vnto it, where it is? 1706Collier Reply Filmer (1730) 415 The Repetition of an ill Thing heightens the Degree, and inflames the Guilt. 1709Addison Tatler No. 123 ⁋3 This Stream..rather inflamed than quenched their Thirst. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 540 The customary disputes were renewed and inflamed. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 679 Had he any right to inflame an existing animosity?
†b. To augment (a price, or amount charged).
1672Petty Pol. Anat. (1692) 351 The interest must inflame the price of Irish commodities. 1696Stanhope Chr. Pattern (1711) 187 Beware lest this busy and malicious impertinence do not inflame the reckoning. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. ii. i, We passengers are to be taxed to pay all these fineries. I have often seen a good side-board,..though not actually put in the bill, inflame a reckoning confoundedly.
II. intr.
5. To burst into flame; to catch fire.
†b. transf. To become very hot (obs.).
1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 296 Long becalmed, whereby the ayre inflam'd, and Sea gave a fierie reflection. 1783Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 227 When the metal is red-hot, it melts and inflames instantaneously. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. I. xii. 493 It does not inflame, unless mixed with atmospherical or with vital air. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 89 By the friction of solids..the axle trees of carriages sometimes inflame. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. iii. 85 It first smokes and then violently inflames.
6. To become hot or excited with passion; to glow with ardour of feeling.
1559Mirr. Mag., Jack Cade xiii, I therby enflamed much the more. 1621Quarles Div. Poems, Esther vi, Their fell disdaine..inflam'd. 1824Carlyle Schiller App. ii. (1872) 272, I know how soon your noble heart inflames when sympathy and humanity appeal to it.
7. To become inflamed under the action of disease or stimulants; to be affected with inflammation.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 176 Sometime the liver of the Fox inflameth. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 162 The Fibres will not fret or inflame as soon. 1753N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 126 The Blister inflamed to a great Degree. 1755Man x. 3 Their high blood being apt to inflame with wine. 1892Argosy Mar. 181 He was compelled to drink sparingly lest his head should inflame. 1898J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. IX. 313 The patches do not ulcerate or inflame. |