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▪ I. violin, n.|vaɪəˈlɪn, ˈvaɪəlɪn|
Forms: 6 violine, 7 vyoline, viallin, 7– violin.
[ad. It. violino (Pg. violino, Sp. violin), f. viola viola2. Cf. violon.]
1. a. A musical instrument in common use, having four strings tuned in fifths and played with a bow; a fiddle.
In general structure the violin is composed of a resonant box of elaborately curved outline, and a neck or handle from the end of which the strings are stretched over a bridge to a tail-piece.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal., April 103, I see Calliope speede her to the place, where my Goddesse shines: And after her the other Muses trace, with their Violines. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 6 Then were it high time for..all Peace-Makers, to put vp their pipes, or else in steed of the soft violine, learne to sound a shrill trumpet. 1608B. Jonson Masques Wks. (1616) 964 The first [dance] was to the Cornets, the second to the Vyolines. 1618Bolton Florus (1636) 115 Some excellently pleasing lesson plaid upon soft winde-instruments, or Violins. 1660Pepys Diary 6 Mar., I played upon a viall, and he a viallin, after dinner. 1711Steele Spect. No. 258 ⁋4 Violins, Voices, or any other Organs of Sound. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 10 Orpheus or Amphion in bronze, playing upon a violin. 1842Lytton Zanoni i. i, He was not only a composer, but also an excellent practical performer, especially on the violin. 1884Haweis My Musical Life I. 237 The violin is not an invention, it is a growth.
transf.1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 62 People..presently phansi'd the Moon, Mercury, and Venus to be a kind of violins or trebles to Jupiter and Saturn.
b. With distinguishing terms.
1601B. Jonson Poetast. iii. iv, Come, we must haue you turne fiddler againe, slaue, 'get a base violin at your backe. c1670Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 212 Before the restoration of K. Charles 2 and especially after, viols began to be out of fashion, and only violins used, as treble-violin, tenor and bass-violin. 1685Playford (title), The Division-Violin: containing a Collection of Divisions upon several Grounds for the Treble-Violin. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., The Word Violin, alone, stands for Treble Violin. Ibid., The Counter-Tenor, Tenor, or Bass-Violin. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 245/1 The tenor violin, in compass a fifth lower than the treble violin, appears to have preceded the latter.
c. to play first violin, to take the leading part. (Cf. fiddle n. 1 b.) Similarly (rare), to play second violin, to take the subordinate part.
1780F. Burney Diary May, [He] seemed to think nobody half so great as himself, and..chose to play first-violin without further ceremony. 1902G. B. Shaw Let. 20 May (1972) II. 273, I dont see Janet playing a silly second moral violin like Judith.
2. One who plays on the violin; a violinist.
1667Pepys Diary 20 Feb., They talked how the King's viallin, Bannister, is mad. c1670Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 485 Thomas Baltzar, one of the violins in the king's service. 1699J. Jackson Let. to Pepys 25 Dec., Corelli the famous violin playing, in concert with above 30 more. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVI. 346/2 At the early age of twenty he was chosen to fill the situation of first violin in the royal chapel of Turin. 1878J. Fothergill (title), The First Violin.
3. A variety of organ-stop. rare—1.
1688[see viol n.1 3].
4. attrib. and Comb., as violin-bow, violin-case, violin class, violin concerto, violin family, violin sonata, violin-stand, etc.; violin-maker, violin-making, violin-player, violin-playing; violin-like violin-shaped adjs.; violin spider [see quot. 19692], a small brown and orange spider, Loxosceles læta, whose bite can be fatal to man and which is chiefly found in South America.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Violin-bow, a bow strung with horse-hair, for playing on a violin. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2711/1 The Hindus claim to have invented the violin-bow.
1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2041/4 Lost.., a black Leather *Violin-Case, with a Violin in it. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxxiv, She might as well have been dressed in a violin-case.
1864Engel Mus. Anc. Nat. 86 Two other Hindoo instruments..belonging to the *violin class.
1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 449/1 *Violin clef, the G clef placed upon the first line of the stave.
1889Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 293/2 Mozart in his younger years was hardly less great as a violinist than a piano⁓player, and his *Violin Concertos,..are the most valuable compositions in that form. 1934Violin concerto [see pianoforte concerto s.v. pianoforte b].
1865J. Hullah Transition Period Music 34 Of these instruments it would easily be found that incomparably the most important were the *Violin family.
1837Penny Cycl. VIII. 198/1 Cruth,..a musical instrument of the *violin kind.
1884‘Edna Lyall’ We Two xix, *Violin-like sensitiveness of nature.
1683Lond. Gaz. No. 1862/8 Mr. Aguttar, *Violin-Maker in the Strand. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVI. 346 The same author [M. Otto] also gives the names of many German violin-makers. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2711/2 Antonio Stradivarius..stands, by common consent, at the head of all violin-makers.
Ibid., The art of *violin-making.. appears to have reached its culminating point in the productions of the Cremonese school.
1861Adams 5000 Mus. Terms 108 Corde vuide, in *violin music, indicates the open string.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2712/1 *Violin-piano,..a form of the pianoforte patented..in England by Todd.
1797Encycl. Brit. XII. 493 The most celebrated *violin players of Italy..have been Farina, M. Angelo Rossi, [etc.]. 1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park I. xii. 243 The late acquisition of a violin player in the servants' hall. 1865Baring-Gould Werewolves ix. 137 A violin-player, who..confessed to thirty-four murders.
1815J. Mayne Jrnl. 23 Jan. (1909) x. 250 The Romans have no idea of what good *violin playing is. 1976Y. Menuhin in D. Villiers Next Year in Jerusalem 335 The technical points of violin-playing common to the Jew and the gypsy.
1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 242/2 note, *Violin rosin is called in French colophane.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 5438, *Violin school for joint practice of the elementary and advanced classes.
1802R. Hall Elem. Bot. 158 Panduriform, panduriformis, *violin-shaped.
1889Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 288/2 Towards..1630, we find the first compositions containing rudimentally the form of the classical *Violin Sonata.
1969Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 8 June 14/1 War on a colony of deadly South American *violin spiders in Sierra Madre Memorial Park was intensified Saturday when the city of Sierra Madre called a commercial exterminator into the battle. 1969Pest Control Oct. 54/2 The violin spider is so named because in most instances it has the discernible shape of a violin on its head. The handle of the violin points toward the abdomen. 1979Daily Tel. 15 Dec. 15/3 Hundreds of thousands of poisonous violin spiders, whose bite can be lethal and for which there is no known antidote, have invaded Johannesburg.
1915D. H. Lawrence Rainbow iii. 80 A drawing-room..with a piano and a *violin-stand.
1841Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 160 Among the manufactures, those of the fine arts, leather, and *violin-strings, are alone industriously practised. 1871tr. Schellen's Spectr. Anal. App. 433 The motion of a point near the end of a violin string. 1884Thompson Tumours of Bladder 82 A very small écraseur, with violin-string ligature.
1843Penny Cycl. XXVI. 346 A lyre, or lute,..may be considered..as the parent of all instruments of the *violin tribe.
Hence vioˈlinic (rare), violiˈnistic adjs.; violiˈnistically adv.
1776J. Hawkins Gen. His. Sci. & Pract. Mus. III. iv. i. 431 The Violini piccoli alla Francese must in often spoiling the phrasing and making violinistic rather than musical effects. 1963V. Nabokov Gift iv. 231 He had no real understanding of the real, violinic essence of the anapaest. 1976Y. Menuhin Unfinished Journey (1977) 376 Violinistically I can point to an understanding of my instrument which has grown day by day, year by year. 1978Gramophone Aug. 348/3 The violinistic ‘treatments’ applied to every phrase are at first startling because people don't dare to play like this any more.
▪ II. violin, v. rare.
[f. prec.]
†1. trans. To entice by violin-playing. Obs.—1
1713Gentl. Instructed (ed. 5) i. Suppl. iv. p. xlii, Was not Madam W. plaid out of her Reputation, and violin'd into a Match below her Quality?
2. intr. To play the violin; fig., to play a leading part.
1895Meredith Amazing Marriage xxx, How does he enjoy playing second fiddle with the maid while Mr. tall brown-face Taffy violins it to her ladyship?
Hence violining vbl. n.
1899Daily News 15 Feb. 5/2 The songs..and the violining..all perfect in their degree.
▪ III. violin
var. violine1. |