| 释义 |
▪ I. violent
obs. form of violon.
▪ II. violent, a. (adv., n.)|ˈvaɪələnt|
Also 5 wyolent, 5–6 vyolent, violente.
[a. OF. (also mod.F.) violent, or ad. L. violent-us (whence It., Sp., and Pg. violento) or violent-, violens (whence It. violente), forcible, impetuous, vehement, etc., f. vīs strength.]
A. adj.
I.
1. Of things: Having some quality or qualities in such a degree as to produce a very marked or powerful effect (esp. in the way of injury or discomfort); intense, vehement, very strong or severe: a. Of the sun, heat, etc. † violent signs (see quot. 1679).
c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 852 It myght þe ayr swa corrumpud mak, Þat men þarof þe dede suld take, Swa vile it es and violent. 1390Gower Conf. III. 116 That planete which men calle Saturnus,..His climat is in Orient, Wher that he is most violent. c1400Destr. Troy 339 A playne, Full of floures fresshe,..With voiders vnder vines for violent sonnes. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 2158 So violent and fervent was þe hete. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxvi. 145 b, Vppon the coales..they cast a certaine seede, the smoke whereof was so violent, that foorthwith it made them..dissy. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies ii. vii. 97 If the sunnebeames be weake, they draw vp no fogge from the rivers, if they be violent [etc.]. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. iv. (1626) 67 Signes onely vtter their vnwitnest loues: But hidden fire the violenter proues. 1679Moxon Math. Dict. 161 Violent Signs, are those in which the Malefick Planets, viz. Saturn or Mars have any notable Dignitie... And also those in which there are any violent fixed Stars of note, and within the Zodiac. [Hence in Phillips, 1696]. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 171 Till such times as the violent Frosts are over. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 380 Being again evaporated to dryness, it is..exposed to a violent heat in a crucible. 1864Swinburne Atalanta 815 And thunder of storm on the sand,..Fierce air and violent light.
b. Of poison, † the blood, etc.
c1386Chaucer Pard. T. 539 Sterue he shal, and that in lasse while. Than thou wolt goon a paas nat but a Mile; This poyson is so strong and violent. a1400Stockholm Med. MS. ii. 24 in Anglia XVIII. 308 Powdyr of betonye eke is good, Medelyd with hony, for vyolent blod. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 22 Discreet maistris seyn, þat þe feuere agu comounly is causid of a uyolent reed coler adust [etc.]. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Sublimate, Corrosive Sublimate..is then a violent Poison, which corrodes and destroys the Parts of the Body with much Violence.
c. Of pain, disease, etc.
14..W. Paris Cristine 314 (Horstm. 1878), Foure men rokede hire to & froo, To make hire payne more violente. c1450Mirk's Festial 257 And þen was þys kyng smyton wyth a meselry þat was soo vyolent to hym, þat..he slogh hymselfe. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 222 Those cold wayes, That seeme like prudent helpes, are very poysonous, Where the Disease is violent. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Poison, The Hyoscyamus [is successful] in Hæmorrhagies, violent Heats and Inflammations. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xi. ii, The violent fatigue which both her mind and body had undergone. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 23/1 Some days he has violent purgings, at other times he gets better. 1799Med. Jrnl. II. 474 As the intestines had been sufficiently emptied..by a violent diarrhœa. 1803Ibid. X. 102, I think the influenza distinguishable from a common catarrh, inasmuch as the symptoms are, in general, more violent, painful, and distressing. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. ix. 100 The patient..was attacked..by intensely violent maculated fever. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 739 The condition was associated with violent headaches and neuralgia of the tongue of the same side.
d. Of passions. (Cf. sense 8 c.)
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 291 Even the violentest and most common passions of mans nature. 1605Shakes. Macb. ii. iii. 116 Th' expedition of my violent Loue Out-run the pawser, Reason. Ibid. iv. iii. 169 Alas poore Countrey,..Where violent sorrow seemes A Moderne ecstasie. 1697Dryden æneid i. 948 A love so violent, so strong, so sure, That neither age can change, nor art can cure. 1711Addison Spect. No. 120 ⁋10 This natural Love in Brutes is much more violent and intense than in rational Creatures. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 119 Love is perhaps the strongest of all the passions; at least, when it becomes violent, it is less subject to..control. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i, She was of violent passions, haughty, vindictive, yet crafty and deceitful. 1808W. Wilson Hist. Dissent. Ch. I. 272 Parker was a man of violent passions.
†e. Of taste or smell: Very strong. Obs.
1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. xxvii. 284 It hath a strong savour, and in my opinion, too violent. 1780Newgate Cal. V. 232 In the morning she perceived a violent smell of sulphur.
f. Of colour: Intensely or extremely bright or strong; vivid. Also fig. of outline.
1768Sterne Sent. Journ., Le Dimanche. As the blue was not violent, it suited with the coat and breeches very well. 1873B. Harte Fiddletown 11 Her hair, which was a very violent red, was [etc.]. 1886Ruskin Præ terita II. 204 The accurate study of tree branches..had more and more taught me the difference between violent and graceful lines. 1888Cent. Mag. Feb. 539/1 Rouge, if too violent, by a natural law of color causes the planes of the cheeks to recede from the planes of the..whiter portions of the face.
2. a. Of natural forces: Possessed of or operating with great force or strength; moving, flowing, blowing, etc., strongly and impetuously.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxviii. (Adrian) 509 Of þe hewine a rayne gert fal, sa wyolent & fellonny, þat þe fyr slokit wes in hy. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 238 Thay fyrit gunnis wyth powder violent. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 34 For violent fires soone burne out themselues. 1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 230 Hee knewe it [a river] was verie violent, running betwixte high mountaines without anie forde. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 680 It carrieth so violent a streame that presently it is able to driue a mill. 1658T. Willsford Nature's Secrets 107 Venus and {moonfq},..increases the flowing of the Seas, causing violent Tides. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 382 The South and S.W. Winds, which are the violentest Winter Winds there. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxix, The accumulating clouds..assumed a red sulphureous tinge that foretold a violent storm. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 46 In some places the time of change is attended with calms, in others..with violent tempests. 1854Poultry Chron. II. 407/2 The circumstance of their having been in a violent storm and completely drenched. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 809/2 The violent explosives disintegrate the rock into a plastic mass.
b. Of noise: Extremely loud.
1602Kyd's Span. Trag. iii. xii a. 131 Then, sir, after some violent noyse, bring me foorth..with my torch in my hand. 1761in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) X. 56/2 There appeared a prodigious smoke, attended with the same violent noise. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 836 At the instant of its beginning to melt, it explodes with a violent report. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. vi, The stranger only answered with another violent snort.
3. a. Of persons: Acting with or using physical force or violence, esp. in order to injure, control, or intimidate others; committing harm or doing destruction in this way; † acting illegally, taking illegal possession.
1382Wyclif Matt. xi. 12 The kyngdam of heuenes suffreth strengthe, or violence, and violent men rauyshen it. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 87 Men þey acounteþ violent and wommen mylde, and euere þei beeþ vnesi to hir neiheboures. c1460Wisdom 1101 in Macro Plays 71 With my syght I se þe people vyolent. 1533More Apol. xl. 225 The man is bysyde so violent and so iubardouse, that none of theym dare be a knowen to speke of it. 1555Sc. Acts, Mary (1814) II. 494/2 The actioun aganis the violent occupyaris and possessouris foirsaidis. 1560Bible (Genev.) Ps. lxxxv. 14 The proude are risen against me, and the assemblies of violent men haue soght my soule. 1662Bk. Com. Prayer, For Restoring Public Peace, The outrage of a violent and unruly people. 1687Assur. Abbey Lands 195 A violent possessor of Church-lands. 1782J. Brown Nat. & Rev. Relig. i. i. 29 Violent injurers of others being public pests of society. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 662 He had..been very unwilling to employ as his deputy a man so violent and unprincipled as Goodenough.
absol.1388Wyclif Job v. 15 God schal make saaf..a pore man fro the hond of the violent. 1535Coverdale Matt. xi. 12 Y⊇ kyngdome of heauen suffreth violence, and the violent plucke it vnto them.
b. Of the hand. Chiefly in the phr. to lay violent hands on or upon (also Sc. † in).
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxviii. (Margaret) 125 Þan ware handis wyolent layd one þat cristis Innocent. 1529More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 274/1 Al our dedes good or badde ascend or descende by the violent hande of God. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. ii. 22 Teach her not thus to lay Such violent hands vppon her tender life. 1597in Maitl. Cl. Misc. I. 129 A. H...is fund..ane quha hes put violent handis in his father. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. viii. 70 His Fiend-like Queene, Who (as 'tis thought) by selfe and violent hands, Tooke off her life. 1662Bk. Com. Prayer, Burial Dead, The Office ensuing is not to be used for any that..have laid violent hands upon themselves. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xii. iii, He laid violent hands on the collar of poor Partridge. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Vices, Staying him [sc. a horse], by degrees, with a steady, not a violent hand. c1850Bryant The Path 70 What guilt is theirs who, in their greed or spite, Undo thy holy work with violent hands!
†c. With to (a person or thing). Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. ii. 109, I pray thee doe on them some violent death, They haue bene violent to me and mine. 1645Milton Tetrach. 67 Colluders your selves, as violent to this law of God by your unmercifull binding, as the Pharises by their unbounded loosning!
4. Of actions:
a. Characterized by the doing of harm or injury; accompanied by the exercise of violence.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1013 Þis was a vengaunce violent þat voyded þise places, þat foundered has so fayre a folk & þe folde sonkken. c1380Antecrist in Todd Three Treat. Wyclif 116 Þe first persecution of þe chirche was violent, whenne cristen men weren compellid bi exilyngis, betyngis, & deþis to make sacrifice to ydols. 1548Cooper Elyot's Dict., Raptio,..violent taking of a persone. 1598Shakes. Merry W. iii. ii. 44 To these violent proceedings all my neighbors shall cry aime. 1606― Tr. & Cr. v. iii. 21 [To use] violent thefts, And rob in the behalfe of charitie. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 43 The more violent, at least more lasting persecution of them by fier under Marie, late Queene of England. a1720Sewell Hist. Quakers I. Pref. a 3, They..have at length Triumphed..by suffering,..and under violent Oppression from High and Low. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 140 There could be no motive for a sudden and violent change of government. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop liii, Thus violent deeds live after men upon the earth. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 546 The injustice with which he had been treated would have excused him if he had resorted to violent methods of redress.
b. Characterized by the exertion of great physical force or strength; done or performed with intense or unusual force, and with some degree of rapidity; not gentle or moderate.
In later use (b) tending to a weaker sense.
(a)1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xv. (1495) 60 By vyolent stoppyng of the throte and of the arteryes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 114 b, By the violent fall of the sayd crosse in to the morteys. a1547Surrey in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 27 The lofty pyne the great winde often riues: With violenter swey falne turrets stepe. 1595Shakes. John v. vii. 49 Oh, I am scalded with my violent motion And spleene of speede, to see your Maiesty. 1601― All's Well iii. ii. 112 O you leaden messengers, That ride vpon the violent speede of fire. 1664H. Power Exp. Philos. 93 We perceived..the little particles of air..on the suddain to become more visible by a violent and rapid dilatation. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 69 The Piece is Level, and will carry the Bullet Horizontally in his violent Course. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 332 There was..some more violent motion at a distance. 1798S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. II. 133 Wine acted powerfully on a constitution already feverish with violent exercise. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. (1857) I. 7 Classifying them into Natural Motions and Violent Motions.
(b)1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. viii. 536 The action of bromine upon indigo is analogous to that of chlorine, though it is less violent. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. i. v. §32 (1875) 119 During those early stages..both political and religious changes..are necessarily violent; and necessarily entail violent retrogressions. 1868Bain Mental & Mor. Sci. iv. iii. 341 A certain impetus has been given,..and, if restrained outwardly, it seems to be more violent inwardly.
c. Tending to wrest or pervert the meaning.
1720Waterland Eight Serm. 104 That we ought not to be wise beyond what is written, nor put a violent Construction on any Passages.
5.
†a. in violent, by force or constraint. Obs.—1
c1440Alph. Tales 148 Þai..told hym þat þai tuke not his son & made him freer [= friar] in violent, bod he offerd hym þerto on his awn gude will.
†b. Due or subject to constraint or force; not free or voluntary; forced. Obs.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 124 They desyre the kynge to forsee, that there be no violent counsell called, in a place suspect & perillous, to the intent that vnder the name of a counsel, the true doctrine be not extinguished. 1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 297 All violent marriages engender hatred betwixt the married. 1625N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. v. (1635) 71 This conformity of the water dropps in a round figure is rather Violent, then Naturall. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 97 Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void.
c. Of death: Caused by or due to physical violence; not natural.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. ii. 108, I pray thee doe on them some violent death. 1593― 2 Hen. VI, i. iv. 34 The Duke yet liues, that Henry shall depose: But him out-liue, and dye a violent death. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxi. 114 Though Soveraignty..is,..in its own nature, not only subject to violent death, by forreign war; but also [etc.]. 1790Paley Serm. Wks. (1834) 598/2 Sudden, violent, or untimely deaths..leave an impression upon a whole neighbourhood. 1822Scott Nigel xxv, Men, who had both, within..less than half an hour, suffered violent death. 1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz, Scenes xxv, Whose miserable career will shortly terminate in a violent and shameful death. 1863Boyd Graver Thoughts Country Parson Ser. i. iv. 67 The violent end of the martyr Stephen.
d. Sc. Law. Of profits: (see quot. 1765–8).
1594Sc. Acts, Jas. VI (1816) IV. 69/1 In all tyme cuming the partie pursewit be ane vther for eiectioun sall find cautioun for the violent proffittis. 1606Ibid. 286 The saidis decreittis..may bring þe danger of the ȝeirlie violent proffeittis vpoun the persones. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. ii. vi. §4 (1699) 190 When spoilzies or ejections are civilly pursued, the conclusion is violent profits (which is the double Rent of the Lands, and restitution of the thing craved). 1752W. Stewart in Scots. Mag. (1753) 294/1 It can be no more than violent profits, which is often modified in inferior courts. 1765–8Erskine Inst. Law Scot. ii. vi. §54 Violent profits are so called, because they become due on the tenant's forcible or unwarrantable detaining the possession after he ought to have removed. 1814Scott Wav. lxvi, Even when ye hae gotten decreet of spuilzie, oppression, and violent profits against them. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 1028 In rural tenements, the violent profits are held to be the full profits which the landlord could have made... In urban tenements, the violent profits are generally estimated at double the stipulated rent.
6. Of persons, their temper, etc.: Displaying or exhibiting passion, excessive ardour, or lack of moderation in action or conduct. Cf. sense 3.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iii. §149 If this Bill were once passed..the Violenter Party would be never able to prosecute their Designs. 1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 27 Some of the violenter sort of the other partie. 1706Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 291 Dunster, one of y⊇ Violentest Whiggs. 1715Burnet Hist. Own Time (1766) I. 155 One of the violentest Ministers of the whole party. 1769Burke Corr. (1844) I. 215 He entertained me with an account of the present state of Lord Chatham's politics; violent, as before, against the ministry. 1858Ld. Granville in Fitzmaurice Life (1905) I. 306 Shaftesbury..is much more violent for you than he was against you. 1888S. Maimon Autob. ix. 59 In my passions I was violent and impatient.
absol.1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. To Rdr., The Violent on both sides will condemn the Character of Absalom. 1713Pope Lett. (1735) I. 200, I am no way displeased that I have offended the Violent of all Parties already.
7. Of language, or writings: Resulting from, indicative or expressive of strong feeling.
1749Fielding Tom Jones xi. v, He..concluded by a very fond caress, and many violent protestations of love. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xiv, The letter,..the contents of which were as singular as the expression was violent. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey v. xi, He wrote violent letters, protesting his innocence. 1872J. Morley Voltaire (1886) 5 The temperament which mistakes strong expression for strong judgment, and violent phrase for grounded conviction.
II.
8. In intensive use: Very or extremely great, strong, or severe. a. In legal use, chiefly Sc., of suspicion or presumption.
1516Sc. Acts, Jas. V (1875) XII. 36/2 All Lawis excludis þe said governour fra administracion and governance for suspicioun vehement and violent. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. ii. xxiv. §3 (1699) 256 Except the Presumptions be very violent, I cannot allow this Limitation. Ibid. xxv. §4. 263 Presumptions are divided, in Presumptions that are violent..and these that are not violent. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 371 Violent presumption is many times equal to full proof.
b. In general use.
1578Timme Caluine on Gen. 30 It is too violent a cavill that Moses for instructions sake, distributeth all those thinges which he made at once, into sixe days. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. ii. (Arb.) 153 My Lord the simple woman is not so much to blame as her lewde abbettours, who by violent perswasions haue lead her into this wilfulnesse. 1607Shakes. Cor. iv. vi. 73 He and Auffidius can no more attone Then violent'st Contrariety. 1641Milton Animadv. v. Wks. 1738 I. 92 If your meaning be with a violent Hyperbaton to transpose the Text. 1807Syd. Smith Lett. Catholics Wks. 1859 II. 176/1, I cannot make use of so violent a metaphor. 1830Herschel Study Nat. Phil. 154 Ammonia is, however, a violent outstanding exception. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn lxii, Judæa was in a state of violent revolt, and the presence of an able general was urgently needed.
c. Of feelings, etc.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 894 Thy violent vanities can never last. 1609Dekker Gull's Horn-bk. 27 That argues a violent impatience to depart from your money. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 45 A blind fit of a most violent and irresistible fury. 1742Fielding Jos. Andrews i. iv, The violent respect he preserved for her. a1770Jortin Serm. (1771) II. ii. 28 Repining and discontent arise from a violent affection for things here below. 1828Lytton Pelham I. xxiii, The duchesse was in a violent fright. 1846A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xiii. 231 With that feeling of violent irritation which the slightest contradiction now produced. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 76 The intemperate life has violent delights, and still more violent desires.
†B. As adv. Violently. Obs.
1709Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Mrs. Hewet 12 Nov., These wars make men so violent scarce, that these good ladies take up with the shadows of them. 1712W. Rogers Voy. 39 This was a fair pleasant Day, but violent hot. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 171 If it freezes so violent as that we are expos'd to danger.
C. n. Something which acts with violence or force; a violent passion or person. Obs. after 17th c., but revived in recent use. Also in Comb.
1619Lushington Resurrect. Rescued (1659) 21 All those Violents of the Soul which have mischiefs for their Objects,..as sorrow, fear and despair. 1667Decay Chr. Piety iv. 53 Did the Covetous extortioner observe that he is involv'd in the same sentence, [and] remember that such Violents shall take not heaven, but hell, by force. 1978Jrnl. Communication XXVIII. 180 The number of roles in which characters were the perpetrators of violence (violents), its victims, or both. Ibid. 187 The violent–victim ratio ranged from -1.40 in 1973 to -1.06 in 1977, suggesting persistently negative but perhaps decreasing risks of general victimization. 1983J. Scott All Pretty People ii. 12 The psychiatric wards are filled with violents, and they release them every day.
▪ III. † ˈviolent, v. Obs.
[ad. OF. (also mod.F.) violenter, or ad. med.L. violentāre to compel by force: see prec.]
1. trans. To strain or wrest the meaning of (words, a passage, etc.). rare.
1549Latimer 5th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 150 Thus they force and violent thys place to make for theyr purpose, wher no such thynge is mente.
2. To constrain or force by violence; to compel or coerce (a person).
Freq. in the 17th c., esp. in Scottish writers.
1598Florio Vehementare, to vrge, to force, to constraine, to violent. 1634Ld. Wariston Diary (S.H.S.) 200 My saule violented and urged God by this argumenting prayer. 1655R. Baillie Dissuas. Vindication Pref., I could no longer be dumb, but so violented, I at last do open my mouth. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xxxiv. §7 (1699) 164 The civil Law in detestation of Force and Violence, did allow three several Remedies to the person violented. 1717Boston in Acc. Life (1908) 227, I hope the Reverend Commission will not violent me, which they will do, if they transport me to Closeburn. 1725Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 179 This matter would..be softly handled; and the woman and her brother look like cruel and inhuman..people, in violenting the good man in this matter.
refl.1730Boston Mem. (1899) 225, I would fain have caused draw the nail again, but because of one that was present I restrained and violented myself.
b. To compel or force (a person) to (unto, into) some action or to do something.
1655Fuller Ch. Hist. xi. xvii. 157 When a great Adversary stepping in so violented his Majesty to a Tryall, that all was..frustrated. 1660― Mixt Contempl. xxxvii. (1841) 202 Surely many moderate men designed a good mark to themselves... But query whether,..in our late civil destruction, they were not violented to outrun the mark. 1710Blackwell Schema Sacrum v. 103 Sin and Damnation violenting him (as it were) unto the same. 1721Wodrow Hist. Suff. Ch. Scot. I. 469 The Procedure of this Period, in violenting People into the Declaration.
3. To bring about (an action) by force or compulsion. rare—1.
1650R. Gentilis Considerations 53 The free putting himselfe into his hands..being done willingly, not violented by any extrinsecall mover.
4. To perpetrate or attempt with violence.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Anglesea iv. (1662) 19 This Bishop Farrar was afterwards martyred in the raign of Queen Mary. I find not the least appearance, that his former adversaries violented any thing against him under that Queen.
5. intr. To act or rage with violence. rare—1.
The 1st Folio reads ‘no lesse’.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. iv. 4 (Q.), Why tell you me of moderation? The greife is fine, full, perfect, that I taste, And violenteth in a sence as strong As that which causeth it.
Hence † ˈviolented ppl. a. Obs.
1642Howell Twelve Treat. (1661) 90 It reaches to their very soules and consciences, by violented new coercive Oaths and Protestations. c1643Observ. on his Majesty's late Answers 24 A strange violented wrested conclusion. |