| 释义 |
vindication|vɪndɪˈkeɪʃən|
Also 5 vyndi-, vyndycacion.
[a. OF. (now F. dial.) vindication vengeance, or ad. L. vindicātio action of claiming, defending, punishing, etc., f. vindicāre: see prec. Cf. Sp. vindicacion, Pg. -ação, F. vendication, It. vendicazione.]
†1.
a. The action of avenging or revenging. Obs.
1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. xvi, An asse..smote hym [the lion] in the forhede with his feete by maner of vyndycacion. 1490― Eneydos xxii. 83 [She] pursued hym at alle houres, in alle places, for to distroye hym, in makynge vyndicacion of the deth of his sayd moder. 1658Phillips. 1690Norris Beatitudes (1694) 77 As to private Vindication of Injuries, that which we more especially call Revenge, this I shall readily allow to be utterly unlawful.
†b. Retribution, punishment. Obs.—1
1647May Hist. Parl. i. ii. 17 Things carried so far on in a wrong way must needs..require a vindication so sharpe and smarting, as that the nation would groan under it.
†2. Deliverance; emancipation. Obs.—1
1613Sir A. Sherley Trav. Persia 7 So abhorred a neighbour, from whom their vindication, into liberty, must bee maintained by their own constancy.
3. The action of vindicating or defending against censure, calumny, etc.; justification by proof or explanation.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §1 So the Memory of those..may not lose the recompense due to their Virtue, but..may find a vindication in a better age. Ibid. x. §85 The soldiers publish'd a Vindication, as they call'd it, of their Proceedings and Resolutions. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles To Rdr., The vindication of the Jewish and Christian Religion, against the Gentile Philosophers. 1705Addison Italy (1733) 33 Pere Mabillon is now engaged in the Vindication of this Tear, which a learned Ecclesiastic..would have suppressed, as a false and ridiculous Relick. 1769Junius Lett. ix. (1788) 65 The author of the vindication of your conduct..writes from his own mere motion. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 299 Leave the vindication of your character to your children. 1837Lytton E. Maltrav. i. xi, He enriched Mrs. Jones for life, in gratitude for her vindication of his lost and early love. 1870Dickens E. Drood vii, He begged to thank Miss Landless for her vindication of his character.
b. In the phr. in vindication of.
1660Coke Power & Subj. 266 It will not ill become mee, sure, to add a word or two in vindication of Sir Edward Coke. a1667Cowley Ess., Obscurity, This seems a strange Sentence,..and looks as if it were in vindication of the men of business. 1709Steele Tatler No. 39 ⁋3, I can add other circumstances in Vindication of the Account of this Learned Body. 1752Bp. Thomas in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 307 Then Lord Sandwich spoke in Vindication of the Measure. 1845McCulloch Taxation i. iv. (1852) 114 It has been said, in vindication of this inequality, that the properties are of a different description.
c. A justifying fact or circumstance.
1846Trench Mirac. Introd. 45 The position which it has won..is itself its vindication now. 1848L. Hunt Jar of Honey x. 134 The great vindication of evil is, we could not manifest so much virtue without it. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xvii. 179 It must..stand..as my vindication for the step, in case we should be overtaken by disaster.
4. The action of asserting or maintaining.
1871R. W. Dale Commandm. vi. 166 The Commandment ‘Thou shalt not kill’, is a Divine vindication of the greatness and sanctity of man. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §3. 490 The bulk of the members supported Eliot in his last vindication of English liberty.
5. Roman Law. (See quots.)
1880Muirhead Gaius ii. §194 A legacy by vindication is so called because the thing bequeathed becomes the property of the legatee in quiritarian right the moment the inheritance has been entered upon. Ibid. iv. §5 Actions in rem are called vindications; while those in which we contend that something ought to be given to or done for us are called condictions. |