| 释义 |
▪ I. indurate, ppl. a. Now rare.|ˈɪndjʊrət|
Also 5–6 en-.
[ad. L. indūrāt-us, pa. pple. of indūrāre to make hard, f. in- (in-2) + dūrus hard: see endure. Formerly stressed inˈdurate.]
1. Of things: Made hard, hardened. Now rare.
1530Tindale Answ. More Wks. (Parker Soc.) III. 13 As the nature of those hard and indurate adamant stones is, to draw all to them. 1555Eden Decades 273 Haddockes or hakes indurate and dryed with coulde. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 339 A little above the hoofs..there are indurate and hardned thick skins. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. v. i. vi. (1651) 397 Avoid at all times indurate salt..meat. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 315 Beta..Calyx urceolate, base indurate in fruit.
2. Of persons, their character, feelings, etc.: Morally hardened, rendered callous; also, fixed in determination, stubborn, obstinate. Now rare.
Often of the heart, referring to the phrase induratum est cor Pharaonis (Pharaoh's heart was hardened) in the Vulgate (Exod. vii. 13, 22).
c1425Orolog. Sapient. vii. in Anglia X. 388/24 To hem þat haue her vndirstondynge blyndet, and hir affeccyon indurate & hardnet. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 4070 Hertys that be obstynat With synnes olde, ek indurat, And fulfyllyd with vnclennesse. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 497 b, Whereby we are taught to eschew the company of endurate heretyques after once or twise admonition. 1598Rowlands Betraying of Christ 15 My heart's indurate, hardned, vnrelenting. 1667Answ. West North 14 They are as indurat as Pharaoh. 1855Fraser's Mag. LI. 170 Nothing but indurate cynicism..can account for it.
†b. Physically hardened; rendered hardy or capable of enduring hardships. Obs.
1555Eden Decades 253 They are indurate to abyde coulde, hunger and laboure.
†c. fig. Of conditions and the like. Obs.
1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 24 b, If the griefe be so indurate and hardened that it will not be healed by the aforesaid remedies. 1635N. R. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iii. ann. 26. 256 To ease the indurate passion of the spleene.
▪ II. indurate, v.|ˈɪndjʊreɪt|
[f. L. indūrāt-, ppl. stem of indūrāre: see prec. Formerly stressed inˈdurate.]
1. trans. To make (a substance) hard; to harden.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 23 Which water..doth indurate and congeale it self with such things as doo happen to bee mixed with it. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 4/1 The same syde and the stomacke beginne to be induratede and harde. 1675Evelyn Terra (1729) 10 Divers waters, not only indurate, and petrify other substances [etc.]. 1706Phillips s.v., The Sun indurates Clay. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iv. 358 The very heat of burning youth applied To indurate forms and systems. 1865Merivale Rom. Emp. lxiii. VIII. 28 The deep alluvial soil of the Danubian Valley was indurated by frost.
b. To make hardy; to inure.
c1575Hooker Life Sir P. Carew in Archæol. XXVIII. 148 Yf fortytude..doe also indurate the bodye to abyde all labors. 1879Tourgee Fool's Err. xx. 114 They [slaves] had been indurated to want, exposure and toil. 1890Spectator 4 Jan., They are hardier and more indurated against the indifference or ridicule of the world.
2. To harden (the heart, etc.); to render callous or unfeeling; to make stubborn or obstinate.
1538Latimer Serm. & Rem. (Parker Soc.) 392 More like to indurate than to mollify. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xiii. xviii. (1886) 257 God indeed performed the other actions, to indurate Pharao. 1635R. Brathwait Arcad. Pr. 118 Sharp doomes indurate natures most relenting. 1801H. M. Williams Sk. Fr. Rep. I. ii. 13 It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart. 1891Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. 318 That such a spectacle..should indurate still further the callosity of hardened hearts.
3. intr. Of things: To become or grow hard.
1626Bacon Sylva §796 This sheweth that Bodies doe..by the Coldnesse of the Quick-siluer, Indurate. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. v. 91 That plants and ligneous bodies may indurate under water..we have experiment in Coralline. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 149 The disposition [of the sore] to indurate is greater. 1831Lytton Godolphin xxi, The drops that trickle within the cavern harden, yet brighten into spars as they indurate. 1898J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. IX. 113 The one begins by an ulcer which indurates, the other begins by an induration which ulcerates.
b. Of a custom: To become fixed or inveterate.
1865Pusey Eirenicon 30 (tr. from Latin) And now, through custom, or, rather, corruption, it has indurated, that a mass..is bought and sold by a blind people and by wicked simoniacal priests. 1881Times 10 Feb. 9/5 The prescription will soon grow, and begin to indurate. |