| 释义 |
▪ I. indulgence, n.|ɪnˈdʌldʒəns|
[a. F. indulgence (12th c. in Littré), or ad. L. indulgēntia indulgence, complaisance, fondness, remission, f. indulgēnt-em indulgent: see -ence.]
I. General senses.
1. The action of indulging (a person), or the fact of being indulgent; gratification of another's desire or humour; favouring forbearance or relaxation of restraint. Sometimes dyslogistic: Fond humouring, over-lenient treatment.
1382Wyclif Isa. lxiii. 9 In his loue and in his indulgence he aȝeen boȝte them, and bar hem. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 84 And for to been a wyf he yaf me leue Of Indulgence. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Indulgence, sufferance, too gentle intreating. 1610Shakes. Temp. Epil. 20 As you from crimes would pardon'd be, Let your Indulgence set me free. 1625Fletcher, etc. Fair Maid of Inn i. i, Some sons Complain of too much rigour in their mothers; I of too much indulgence. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1186 Left to her self..Shee first his weak indulgence will accuse. 1718Freethinker No. 152 ⁋11 The first Failure of every Man calls for Indulgence. 1800Asiat. Ann. Reg., Proc. E. Ind. Ho. 90/2 He would not trespass any longer upon the indulgence of the proprietors. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 106 Indulgence is given her as a substitute for justice. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. ix. 137 Where a member, by the indulgence of the House, is permitted to make personal explanations.
b. with an and pl. An instance of this; an act of indulging; a licence, favour, or privilege granted. (See also II.)
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iii. 35 Stand back..Thou that giu'st Whores Indulgences to sinne. 1664Evelyn Sylva 110 One Mr Christopher Darell..of Nudigate, that had a particular Indulgence for the cutting of his Woods at pleasure, though a great Iron-Master. 1712Steele Spect. No. 545 ⁋14 To prepare the Indulgences necessary to this Lady and her Retinue, in advancing the Interests of the Roman Catholic Religion in those Kingdoms. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. x. II. 599 He ordered them to be removed to a more commodious apartment and supplied with every indulgence.
2. The action of indulging (desire, inclination, etc.); the yielding to or gratification of some propensity (const. of, in, formerly to); the action of indulging in some practice, luxury, etc.
1638F. Junius Paint. of Ancients 206 Passions: in which heate doth..more than diligence. Provided onely, That this indulgence doe not deceive us. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xix. (1848) 283 And a full Table..tempt him..to Indulgence to his Appetite, prejudicial to his Health. 1769–72Junius Lett. Pref. 10 The indulgence of private malice. 1843J. Clason Serm. v. 80 Our continued indulgence in Sin. 1885S. Cox Expos. Ser. i. iv. 49 Excessive indulgence of natural appetite and desire.
b. absol. The practice or habit of indulging or giving way to one's inclinations; self-gratification, self-indulgence. With an and pl. A particular act or habit of self-gratification; something indulged in, a luxury.
1649Sir R. Tempest Entert. Solit. 5 (T.) The loosenesses and indulgences of this age..bear a proportion with the religion of the Ottomans. 1726Law Chr. Perfect. ii. 42 A Separation of our Souls from worldly Tempers, vain Indulgences, and unnecessary Cares. 1732― Serious C. iv. (ed. 2) 54 To grow Rich, that he may live in figure and indulgence. 1818M. W. Shelley Frankenst. ii. (1865) 46 The time at length arrives, when grief is rather an indulgence than a necessity. 1835T. Walker Original viii. (1887) 87 The people..spent their earnings on eating and drinking and other indulgences. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Considerations Wks. (Bohn) II. 419 Human nature is prone to indulgence.
II. Specific and technical senses (from 1 b).
3. R.C. Ch.
a. ‘A remission of the punishment which is still due to sin after sacramental absolution, this remission being valid in the court of conscience and before God, and being made by an application of the treasure of the Church on the part of a lawful superior’ (Amort, quoted in Catholic Dict. s.v.).
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. viii. 156 And diuinede þat Dowel Indulgence [B & C texts, Indulgences] passede, Bienals and Trienals and Busschopes lettres. 1377Ibid. B. xvii. 253 And purchace al þe pardoun of Pampiloun & Rome, And indulgences ynowe. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 345 Many heresies as of assoilingis and indulgencis, and cursyngis, wiþ feyned pardons. c1400Apol. Loll. 9 If it be askid weþer þe pope selle indulgencs and merits of seynts. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 300 For confirmation wherof, I will make you partaker of a Popish Indulgence (or pardon, as they termed it) made under the seale of the brotherhead of this house. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 492 Then might ye see..Indulgences, Dispenses, Pardons, Bulls, The sport of Winds. 1717Berkeley Tour Italy 9 Jan., An indulgence of above six thousand years was got by a visit to that church on any ordinary day. 1769Robertson Chas. V ii. (1826) III. 307 Among others he had recourse to a sale of Indulgences. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 418 He might also ..by paying money, or, by visiting some place of devotion obtain an indulgence to exempt him from the punishment due to one or more of his transgressions. 1885Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 440. Ibid. 444 Divisions of Indulgences.—Plenary remit all, partial a portion, of the temporal punishment due to sin—e.g., an indulgence of forty days, as much as would have been atoned for by forty days of canonical penance..Indulgences may be temporal—i.e. granted only for a time; or again perpetual or indefinite, which last till revoked..Personal indulgences are those granted to particular persons..Local indulgences may be gained only in a particular place..Real indulgences are those attached to crucifixes, medals, etc.
†b. Formerly in sense: Remission of sin. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vii. 56 Whan þai drawen on to deye, and Indulgences wolde haue, Her pardoun is ful petit at her partyng hennes. c1425Found. St. Bartholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 3 That he myghte obteyne parfite and plenere pardoun and indulgence of his synnes..he decreid yn hym self to go to the courte of Rome. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) 52 In þe tenthe þe..communioun of þe seyntes, and þe indulgence of sinne bi cristenynge and penaunce.
c. Loosely used for an authoritative relaxation of ecclesiastical law or obligation, properly called dispensation (sense 8).
a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 243 Your wise and cautious Consciences Are free to take what Course they please; Have plenary Indulgence to dispose At Pleasure, of the strictest Vows.
4. Eng. and Sc. Hist. Applied (a) to the grant or offer to Nonconformists, in the reigns of Charles II and James II, of certain religious liberties as special favours, but not as legal rights; also (b) to the licence offered during the same reigns to Presbyterian ministers in Scotland to hold services on various conditions, such as receiving collation from the bishops, recognition of the King's ecclesiastical supremacy, etc.
Declaration of Indulgence, a royal proclamation offering such religious liberties: esp. applied to that of Charles II in 1672 (withdrawn the following year), and that of James II in 1687 and 1688, which was one of the circumstances that precipitated the Revolution. In Scotland there were five Indulgences, two under Charles II in 1669 and 1672, and three under James II in 1687.
a. [1668J. Owen (title) Indulgence and Toleration considered, in a Letter to a person of honour; with a Peace Offering, in an Apology and Humble Plea for Indulgence and Liberty of Conscience.] 1672–3Chas. II. Sp. at Opening Parlt. 4 Feb. 3 Some few days before I Declared the War, I put forth My Declaration for Indulgence to Dissenters, and have hitherto found a good Effect of it. Ibid. 4 And in the whole Course of this Indulgence, I do not intend that it shall in any way Prejudice the Church, but I will support its Rights, and It in its full Power. 1675Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Speech 16 Nov., Wks. (1752) 165 My humble motion therefore..is, that you would give leave to bring in a bill of indulgence to all protestant dissenters. 1687Jas. II Declar. Lib. Consc. 4 Apr., To the end that all Our Loving Subjects may receive and enjoy the full Benefit and Advantage of Our Gracious Indulgence hereby intended. 1688(27 Apr.) Ibid., Ever since we granted this Indulgence [that of 1687], We have made it Our principal Care to see it preserved without Distinction, as we are encouraged to do daily by multitudes of Addresses. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xiv. 78 [The clergy] were driven to extremity by the order of May 4, 1688, to read the declaration of indulgence in their churches. a1832Mackintosh Revol. of 1688, Wks. 1846 II. 112 The difficulty of proposing to confine such an indulgence to one class of dissidents, and the policy of moving for a general toleration, which it would be as much the interests of Presbyterians as of Catholics to promote. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 177 He knew..it would be impossible to grant liberty of worship to the professors of that [R.C.] religion without extending the same indulgence to Protestant dissenters.
b.1681J. Bairdy (title) Balm from Gilead; or the differences about the indulgences stated and impleaded, in a Letter to the People of Scotland. 1687Jas. II in Hetherington Hist. Ch. Scotl. (1842) 518 We allow and tolerate the moderate Presbyterians to meet in their private houses and there to hear all such ministers as have or are willing to accept of our Indulgence. 1721Wodrow Suffer. Ch. Scotl. I. ii. iii. 291 In June or July this year [1668] the Earl of Tweddale called for some of the Presbyterian Ministers who were under their Hidings, and made proposals to them anent some Favour and Indulgence he hoped might be procured for them in Scotland. 1816Scott Old Mort. v, This indulgence, as it was called, made a great schism among the presbyterians, and those who accepted of it were severely censured by the more rigid sectaries. Ibid., ‘Of all the baits with which the devil has fished for souls in these days of blood and darkness, that Black Indulgence has been the most destructive.’ 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 185 Presbyterian divines who had consented to accept from the government a half toleration, known by the name of the Indulgence.
5. Comm. An extension, made as a favour, of the time within which a bill of exchange or a debt is to be paid.
1827Chitty Bills of Exchange (ed. 7) 292 If a holder agree to give indulgence for a certain period of time to any one of the parties to a bill, this takes away his right to call upon that party for payment before the period expires. 1891Byles Treat. Law Bills Exchange (ed. 15) 328 No indulgence to an acceptor or other prior party will discharge an indorser, if the indorser previously consent to it.
III. 6. attrib. and Comb.
1895Daily News 6 Oct. 3/3 A native boy, to whom the captain had given an indulgence passage from Tamatave. 1897Q. Rev. July 41 Undermining such moral ideals as the indulgence-mongers had left among them.
▪ II. inˈdulgence, v.
[f. prec. n.]
†1. trans. To grant or permit as an indulgence or favour: = indulge 4. Obs.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 2 If..it were lawfully indulgenst me freely to aduocate my owne astrology.
2. R.C. Ch. To attach an indulgence to (a particular act or object): see prec. 3 a, and indulgenced.
1866J. H. Newman Let. to Pusey (ed. 2) 106 There is one collection of Devotions..which..consists of prayers of very various kinds which have been indulgenced by the Popes. 1885Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 444 Large and often plenary indulgences are attached to the recitation of short prayers..and to the use of blessed crosses, medals, etc... Other acts of piety—e.g. examination of conscience, hearing sermons, visiting the Blessed Sacrament—are also largely indulgenced. 1891J. Britten Lay Help 5 [The Catholic Truth Society] is indulgenced by the Holy See. |