| 释义 |
inductivism|ɪnˈdʌktɪvɪz(ə)m|
[f. inductive a. + -ism.]
The preference for, use of, or belief in the superiority of, inductive as opposed to deductive methods; the belief that scientific laws can be inferred from observational evidence. Opp. deductivism.
a1866J. Grote Treat. Moral Ideals (1876) xviii. 425 The matter is complex..on account of the exceeding inappropriateness of the assumption of inductivism for anything in its way so idealist as Utilitarianism is. 1951Mind LX. 43 Professor Popper..attacks frequently what he calls ‘observationalism’ or ‘inductivism’. 1956E. H. Hutten Lang. Mod. Physics vi. 229 If we take induction as a psychological process of discovery and, at the same time, as a logical method of proof, we end up with an insoluble problem... Neither Hume's scepticism nor Mill's belief in the uniformity of nature are solutions of the inductive problem, but rather they are attempts to banish a riddle. There is, to-day, an ever-increasing number of philosophers as well as of scientists who reject this inductivism, and they advise us to drop the term ‘induction’ altogether when describing scientific method. 1959K. R. Popper Logic Sci. Discovery i. i. 30 The view that a hypothesis can only be empirically tested..might be called ‘deductivism’, in contrast to ‘inductivism’. 1962[see deductivism]. 1965J. W. N. Watkins Hobbes's Syst. Ideas ii. 34 (heading) Repudiation of inductivism. 1972A. J. Ayer Probability & Evidence iii. 74 Popper..explicitly rejects what he calls inductivism. 1972Nature 10 Nov. 110/1 The author then delineates in turn three theories of the logical structure of science—inductivism, Popperian falsificationism and positivism. |