| 释义 |
independency|ɪndɪˈpɛndənsɪ|
Also 7–8 -ancy.
[f. as prec. + -ency.]
1. = prec. 1. Now rare.
1611Florio, Independenza, independencie. 1645H. Marten (title) The Independency of England Maintained against the Scottish Commissioners. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. iii. 12 The independency of their causes, and contingency in their events. 1647May Hist. Parl. i. v. 55 The independency of that kingdome. a1670Rust Disc. Truth (1682) 185 Then will God be determined in his actions from something without himself, which is to take away his independency and self-sufficiency. 1737Pope Hor. Ep. i. vii. 70 ‘Give me’, I cry'd, (enough for me) ‘My Bread, and Independency!’ 1748Chesterfield Lett. (1792) II. cxlv. 20 The Seven United Provinces; whose independency was first allowed by Spain at the treaty of Munster. 1775J. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 66 Suspicions entertained of designs of independency; an American republic. 1790T. Bewick Hist. Quadrup. (1807) 1 The wild and extensive plains..where he [the horse] ranges without controul, in a state of entire independency. 1829I. Taylor Enthus. iii. (1867) 55 Reason as well as faith..demands that we deny independency to whatever is created. 1884Pall Mall G. 16 Feb. 8/2 Urged to maintain the independency of Zulu territory.
b. Const. on, upon, of, rarely from.
1624F. White Repl. Fisher 450 In an extasie there is alienation and independencie of the spirit vpon the sences. 1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 94 The freenesse of Gods Election, and its in-dependancy on any fore-seene faith. 1642G. Eglisham Forerunner Revenge in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 371 In regard..of my independency from the accused. 1668Pepys Diary (1877) V. 433 In opposition to, or at least independency of, the Duke of York. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 256 A desirable degree of independency on British and other foreign manufactures. 1841–4Emerson Essays Ser. i. ix. (1876) 217 Its independency of those limitations which circumscribe us on every hand.
2. That system of ecclesiastical polity in which each local congregation of believers is held to be a church independent of any external authority: = congregationalism 1.
The prevailing name in England, in the 17th century, for this form of church government, but not favoured in New England (see quot. 1648, and congregational 3), and in modern use (other than historical) largely displaced by Congregationalism.
1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. xvi. 82 That new-borne Bastard, Independency. 1648J. Cotton Way Congreg. Ch. (New Eng.) 11 Nor is Independency a fit name of the way of our Churches. For in some respects it is too strait, and in others too large. 1648C. Walker (title) The History of Independency. 1694Provid. God 95 Those they then called Puritans..were divided about Church-Government, some for Presbytery and others for Independency. 1733Neal Hist. Purit. II. 107 His [Robinson's] peculiar sentiments of Church discipline, since known by the name of Independancy. 1872G. H. Curteis Bampton Lect. ii. 41 The cradle in which Independency was nurtured was the Non-Conforming Puritanism of the sixteenth century.
3. concr.
a. pl. Independent things; things unrelated to each other.
1659Bp. Walton Consid. Considered 9 The whole being ‘rudis indigestaque moles’, a confused heap of Independencies. [A pun on sense 2.]
b. An independent or autonomous state. (Cf. dependency 4 c.)
1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ii. 355 Of these independencies, the most important..was that..which..included the whole of the vast province, or region of Berar. 1847Grote Greece ii. xxv. IV. 16 Many petty independencies, small towns, and villages.
c. A person of independent means.
1866Carlyle Edw. Irving 125 Expecting to be flattered like an independency, as well as paid like an innkeeper.
d. A competency; a fortune which renders it unnecessary for the possessor to earn his living: = prec. 2.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xiii. 87, I, who never designed to take advantage of the independency bequeathed me. 1804W. Tennant Ind. Recreat. (ed. 2) I. 286 Men..who leave their native country with the sole view of acquiring an independency. 1886L'pool Daily Post 5 Mar. 4/5 The deceased had something in the nature of an independency, however modest. |