| 释义 |
▪ I. vial, n.|ˈvaɪəl|
Forms: α. 4–6 vyol(e, 4–8 viol(e, 4, 6–7 violl(e, 5–6 vyoll(e. β. 5–7 vyal(l, 6 voyalle, vialle, 6–7 viall, 7– vial.
[var. fyole, fiol, fiall, etc., phial n. See the note on the letter V.]
A vessel of a small or moderate size used for holding liquids; in later use spec., a small glass bottle, a phial.
α13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1280 Dere disches of golde & dubleres fayre, Þe vyoles & þe vesselment of vertuous stones. c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 240 Sondry vessels maad of erthe and glas,..Violes, crosletz, and sublymatories, Cucurbites and alembikes. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 185 Sette þe viol vpon soft colis & lete hem boile. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 3052 After þat, for his chefe socour, Sche toke to hym a viol with licour. 1470–85Malory Arthur v. x. 178 Pryamus toke fro his page a vyolle ful of the four waters that came oute of paradys. 1530Palsgr. 285/1 Vyole, a glasse, fiolle, uiole. c1550H. Lloyd Treas. Health E vj, Mengle them togither and put them in a vyol of glasse, and stop the mouth thereof close. 1609Dekker Ravens Alm. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 238 The Iewe..spyed the Violl that the poore man held in his hand vnder his cloak. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. vi. 53 The Air in the little Viol began to dilate it self. 1705Addison Italy 232, I plac'd a thin Viol, well stopp'd up with Wax, within the Smoak of the Vapour.
βa1450Mirk's Festial 146 He toke vyals of cristall and of lambur and of glas, and put þys blod yn hom. 1530Palsgr. 284/2 Vyall, a glasse, fiolle. 1576in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 275 Two glasse voyalles for the Lord Howardes servauntes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. ix. 84 b, A cruese or viall ful of sweete and smelling water. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 433 Glass vials also and sundry small earthen vessels. 1683W. Hedges Diary (Hakl. Soc.) I. 86, I gave him a small Vyall of Balme of Gilead. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) 67 Put a spoonful of this Water in a Vial. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour, France IV. 298 The holy vial, containing the oil used at the coronation of their kings. 1820Shelley Witch Atlas xvii, Liquors clear and sweet..She in her crystal vials did closely keep. 1842A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 114 [He] placed the vial in a basin of water on a sand-bath. 1871R. H. Hutton Ess. I. 296 France would not be what she is if men had not believed for a thousand years in the holy vial of Rheims.
attrib. and Comb.1647Hexham i, A viall-maker, een..Fiolen-maker. 1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. Man of Many Friends I. 321 There were two little vial-bottles and a box of corn-plaster in the drawer of the basin-stand. 1880Mrs. Cameron Three Flower-Pots 25 He saw upon the table a large vial bottle with something very black in it.
b. In allegorical or purely figurative use.
Freq. in allusion to Rev. xv. 7, etc. (see first quots.).
1382Wyclif Rev. xv. 7 Seuen golden violes, ful of the wraththe of God. Ibid. xvi. 1 Go ȝe, and schede ȝe out the seuen violes of Goddis wrath in to erthe. c1420Lydg. Ballad Commend. Our Lady 113 O glorious viole, O vitre inviolate! 1603Drayton Bar. Wars ii. vi, And with a vial fild with baneful wrath,..Which in her blacke hand readily she hath, And drops the poison vpon euery wight. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. v. iii. 122 You Gods looke downe, And from your sacred Viols poure your graces Vpon my daughters head. 1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., Vials of wrath, mentioned in the Apocalipse, signifie Gods readiness to be fully revenged on sinners. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) II. 5 To behold the almighty Creator..pouring out the utmost viols of his wrath..upon them. 1718Prior Solomon iii. 386 The frighted Angels..o'er the Earth from wrathful Viols pour'd Tempests and Storm. 1780Burke Œcon. Reform Wks. 1842 I. 239 You have tuns of ancient pomp in a vial of modern luxury. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. iv. ii. 134 Now the destroying angel hovers o'er Venice, and pauses ere he pours the vial. 1853Kingsley Hypatia xvii, Everywhere sensuality, division, hatred, treachery, cruelty, uncertainty, terror; the vials of God's wrath poured out. 1880W. G. Blaikie Livingstone vii. 135 For one so patient and good, he had a very large vial of indignation, and on occasion poured it out right heartily over all injustice.
Hence ˈvial v. trans., to put into a vial; also fig. ˈvialled a., kept or stored in a vial. ˈvialful, as much as can be contained in a vial.
1634Milton Comus 847 Helping all urchin blasts, and ill luck signes..Which she with pretious viold liquors heals. 1805W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. III. 46 The distilled perfume of the bookmaker's style..is here not sprinkled over every page, and vialled in every sentence. 1886Ruskin Præterita xii. 404, I had, in my little clay pitcher, vialfuls, as it were, of Wordsworth's reverence [etc.]. 1906Hardy Dynasts II. v. i. 188 The riskful blood of my previsioned line..To linger vialled in my veins alone.
▪ II. ˈvial, a. rare—1.
[f. L. via way, or ad. L. viālis.]
Serving for a way or road.
1813J. Forsyth Rem. Excurs. Italy 353 The arch of Augustus, being a vial one, was necessarily much wider than the triumphal arches, which succeeded.
▪ III. vial(l, vialle
obs. forms of viol n. |