| 释义 |
▪ I. vest, n.|vɛst|
Also 8 dial. west.
[a. F. veste, a. It. veste (also vesta) robe, gown:—L. vest-em, vestis garment, attire, clothing, cognate with Gr. ἐσθής, Skr. vastra. Cf. Sp. veste garment, † vesta vest, Pg. veste garment, vestia vest.]
1. a. A loose outer garment worn by men in Eastern countries or in ancient times; a robe or gown.
1613Sherley Trav. Persia 20 We were forced to send his maister three verstes [sic] of cloth of gold, for beholding his person. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 146 Their [Persians'] out Garment or Vest is commonly of Callico quilted with Cotton. 1665Ibid. (1677) 131 Artaxerxes the Great gave Mithridates..a Gown or Vest of gold which he wore during a Royal banquet. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 85 The Persians make their long vests of such cloths. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Epist. i. vi. 63 Lucullus..being ask'd to furnish for a Play An hundred martial Vests. 1791Cowper Odyss. i. 555 Putting off his vest Of softest texture. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam xi. xiv, A hermit's vest Concealed his face. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome I. 215 Kaeso then put on his vest, such as the Roman generals were used to wear in battle. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. ii. Fragment, The slanting ray of the evening sun shone..With fitful light on regal vest, and warrior's sculptured mail.
transf.1643Davenant Unfort. Lovers i. i, Not in his Perfume and Silks; but in his Iron Vest. 1671Grew Anat. Plants i. §3 If then we take a Bean and dissect it, we shall find it cloathed with a doubled Vest or Coat.
b. A similar garment worn by women. Chiefly poet.
1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 193 Attended by her Maiden Train, Who bore the Vests that Holy Rites require. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess of Mar 18 April, I found the lady sitting on her sofa, in a sable vest. 1759Johnson Rasselas xxxvii, When my upper vest was taken off, they were apparently struck with the splendour of my clothes. 1797Southey Triumph Woman 30 Thy daughters..for this high feast Weave the loose robe, and paint the flowery vest. 1801Scott Glenfinlas xli, O gentle huntsman, hast thou seen..A lovely maid in vest of green? 1810― Lady of L. iv. xii.
c. A garment, in various fig. uses.
1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. 118 The fair woods..flourished in that youthful vest With which their great Creator had them drest. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. v. 790 The Ancient Asserters of the Souls Immortality, supposing it to have besides this Terrestrial Body another Spirituous or Airy Body..as its Interiour Vest or Tunicle. 1746Collins Ode Poet. Charac. 45 Truth, in sunny vest array'd. 1781Cowper Charity 262 When ev'ning in her sober vest Drew the grey curtain of the fading west. 1820Shelley Witch Atl. Ded. v, Light the vest of flowing metre She wears.
†d. Without article. Clothing, attire. rare—1.
1694Motteux Rabelais v. 252 Our Means of Life are Pote, and Cibe, and Vest.
2. An ecclesiastical vestment. rare.
1663Pepys Diary 16 Feb., A priest was taken in his vests officiating somewhere in Holborne the other day. a1700Evelyn Diary 17 Nov. 1644, The precious vessels of gold, silver, and gems, with the vests and services to be seene in the Sacristy. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. viii. 222 The initiate's vest..hung out under my cuirass. 1829S. H. Cassan Bps. Bath & Wells 162 He gave also many splendid vests to the Churches of Bath and Wells.
3. a. A sleeveless garment of some length worn by men beneath the coat. (Introduced by Charles II: see first quot.) Now Hist. b. A short garment worn beneath the coat or jacket as a usual part of male attire; a waistcoat. Now N. Amer.
1666Pepys Diary 8 Oct., The King hath yesterday, in Council, declared his resolution of setting a fashion for clothes... It will be a vest, I know not well how; but it is to teach the nobility thrift. Ibid. 15 Oct., This day the King begins to put on his vest;..being a long cassocke close to the body, of black cloth, and pinked with white silk under it, and a coat over it, and the legs ruffled with black riband like a pigeon's leg. 1667in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 300, I doubt the old fellow must have a new vest and tunick. 1668G. Etherege She would if she could iii. iii, You are not To learn..how absolutely necessary A rich Vest and a Perruque are to a man that aims At their favours. 1712Overseers' Acc. Holy Cross, Canterb., Payd for mackin a west and briches for gouddins child, [{pstlg}]0. 1. 6. 1818Scott Rob Roy v, She wore..a coat, vest, and hat, resembling those of a man. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair lix, Provided with some of the most splendid vests that Calcutta could furnish. 1907Daily News 3 Sept. 3/2 Lightish striped cashmere trousers would not be correct..if worn with a dark blue coat and vest. 1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby ix. 202 While he took off his coat and vest I told him all arrangements had been deferred. 1937H. G. Wells Brynhild vii. 103 He was sitting without jacket or vest, looking neat and healthy in his shirt and black tie. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 7/3 Hooking his thumbs in his vest, he answered questions in a calm, almost offhand manner. 1978J. Irving World according to Garp ii. 37 Bodger..tucked in his shirt, which was escaping..from under his tight vest.
transf.1830Whittier Mogg Megone 1237 The rivets of the vest Which girds in steel his ample breast. 1863Bates Nat. Amazon viii. (1864) 220 A bird resembling our starling in size..and not unlike it in colour with the exception of the rich rosy vest. 1876Holland Sev. Oaks i, Among the charms that dangled from this liquid chain—depending from the vest of a landscape, which ended in a ruffle of woods.
c. A knitted or woven undergarment for the upper part of the body, worn next to the skin.
1851Catal. Gt. Exhib. iii. 583/1 Cotton,..spun silk, merino and Cashmere gentlemen's and ladies' vests. 1883‘Sylvia’ Lady's Guide to Home Dressm. & Millinery xiii. 107 [List of under-linen], 4 merino vests, [{pstlg}]0 5 9.
d. Part of a woman's dress bodice, consisting of a collar and front, usually of lace, net, silk, or other soft material.
1887Lady's World June 256/1 Vests of spotted kerseymere..are made with military collars and two pockets. 1913Daily Graphic 26 Mar. 12/4 The bodices having vests and collars of écru lace. 1913Play Pictorial No. 134 p. ii/1 It [a ‘waistcoat blouse’] has a soft net vest that ends in short sharp points.
e. A short, sleeveless jacket for a woman. U.S.
1909in Webster. 1974Times-Picayune (New Orleans) 14 Aug. iii. 1 (Advt.), Plaid vest, 18.00. 1978Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. (Spring Fashion Suppl.) 11/1 Vests have never looked quite so fresh and right as they do this spring. They can be the perfect sleeveless jacket, topping all the softness.
f. A singlet denoting membership of a representative athletics team.
1971N. Stacey Who Cares? ii. 25 It was harder to get a Blue than an international vest.
g. attrib. and Comb., as vest-maker, etc.; vest-pocket, a pocket in a vest (sense 3 b); also attrib. as adj.: small enough to fit into a vest pocket, very small of its kind; also fig.; vest-pocket voter U.S. (see quot. 1883); vest-slip = sense 3 b.
1879G. W. Cable Grandissimes xliii, I could be a confectioner, a milliner, a dressmaker, a vest-maker.
1828Webster, Vesting, cloth for vests; vest patterns.
1823Mass. Spy 3 Dec. (Thornton), He found him asleep, took from his vest pocket the key [etc.]. 1848Sporting Life 29 July 274/1 This vest pocket companion for cricketers. 1883in Bryce Amer. Commw. (1888) III. v. lxxxix. 217 The class of ‘vest-pocket voters’—men who come to the polls with their tickets made up, to the confusion of ‘the boys.’ 1897‘Mark Twain’ Following Equator 629 Toy peaks, and a dainty little vest-pocket Matterhorn. 1912Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 5 July 525 The vest-pocket ‘Tenax’ camera. 1931Times 16 Mar. 1/3 (Advt.), Unique vest-pocket treatment for catarrh. 1947Horizon Apr. 152 Our provincial hotels with their vest⁓pocket electric fires. 1983Chicago Sun-Times 9 July 15 Vest-pocket garden-parks provide relaxed places for people to interact with one another. 1984Newslet. Amer. Dial. Soc. Sept. 23/1 He was responsible for..a series of popular vest-pocket dictionaries and reference books.
1920Punch 9 June 456/2 My top-hat was on my head and my vest-slip was all right. 1922Vest-slip [see Oxford 1 b].
▪ II. vest, v.|vɛst|
Also 5 Sc. west.
[ad. OF. vestir (mod.F. vêtir, = Sp. and Pg. vestir, It. vestire):—L. vestīre to clothe, f. vestis clothing: see prec.]
I.
1. trans. To place, settle, or secure (something) in the possession of a person or persons; = invest v. 6. Chiefly in passive, and usually const. in (rarely upon or with). a. With reference to estates, rights, titles, etc.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xl. 7089 Al Gascon wiþe þe portynance To be insesit and westit He and al his ayris qwhit. 1475Rolls of Parlt. VI. 147/1 That all such astate, title, right,..and possession..in the same persone and persones and their heires be vested. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 34 §7 The seid Castels..[shall] in the same persone or persones and their heires be vested and they therin be intiteled. 1585Holinshed Hist. Scot. in Chron. II. 244/2 The right of which countie king Dauid affirmed to be iustlie in him..as truelie vested in his possession by the forfeiture. 1650Vind. Hammond's Addr. §60. 24 What is vested in me, I may give or derive to another; what is intrusted onely, I cannot. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. viii. (1739) 52 No Legiance is due to him, before the Crown is vested upon him. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3830/4 Until all the said Estates and Interests vested in them are disposed of. 1758in Nairne Peerage Evid. (1874) 68 The late act of parliament vesting the estates of certain traitors in his majesty. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 22 There were no words to vest the portions in the daughters till a marriage with consent. 1847Bright Sp., Ireland 13 Dec. (1876) 155 A bill with this title to vest the ownership of the land with the present occupiers. 1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xvi. 107 The Court may direct the parts so laid out to remain vested in the trustees.
b. With reference to power or authority.
1659Hammond On Ps. lxxx. 17 By which the power is vested on him. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 98 The Government of Religion was vested in Princes by an antecedent right to Christ. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. lxxxvii, That power of abating Nusances..is vested in both of their Offices, both by Grant and Prescription. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 244 There is a particular jurisdiction vested in the officers. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 45 The right of voting is vested by burgess tenure in certain houses. 1801Wellesley in Owen Desp. (1877) 210 It is my intention to proceed immediately to vest the administration of the ceded districts in the hands of the Company's civil servants. 1841Elphinstone Hist. India I. 37 The government of the society thus constituted was vested in an absolute monarch. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. 533 That vague power of recommending a successor which the Law vested in him.
c. transf.
1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps v. §21. 157 If completeness is thought to be vested in polish, and to be attainable by help of sand paper. 1852Thackeray Esmond i. iii, Proud of this confidence and secret vested in him.
2. a. To put, place, or establish (a person) in full or legal possession or occupation of something; = invest v. 5. Chiefly in passive, and usually const. in (or † of).
In early use only Sc. in the phrase vested (also vest) and seized.
1464in Acc. Fam. Innes (1864) 78 The said schir Robert deyt last ves[t]it and sesit as of fee. 1488Acta Dom. Audit. (1839) 123/2 It beis prefit þat Williame þe barde deit last westit and Sesit in þe said landis. 1557Rec. Inverness (New Spald. Cl.) I. 6 For sesing takyn of all landis Wilyam Paterson his fadyr deit last vestit and sesit conforme to his serwing. 1597Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) I. 186 All landis, rowmes, heretageis,..quhairin he deitt last vest and seasit.
1672Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 329 Of which the Irish that are vested by restoration, seem rather to take part with the divested. 1749Fielding Tom Jones ix. iv, The sergeant presently inquired for the principal magistrate of the town, and was informed by my landlord that he himself was vested in that office. a1774Goldsm. Hist. Greece I. 108 Miltiades thus vested in the supreme command [etc.]. 1905Times 8 June 6/4 The Government proposed that the Free Church should be vested in the property to be allocated to her.
fig.1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 126 Not all his most gracious and debonair mine towards them could vest him in that Nations affections. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 29 In order to their being actually vested in that salvation. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. II. 442 All, who partake of this Nature, are not only certain of, but may in some sense be said already vested in, the Happiness, which [etc.].
b. To invest (a person) with some quality, esp. power, authority, etc. Chiefly in passive.
1674Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 126 It is his Person as vested with all his Offices, that is the immediate Fountain of all Grace unto us. 1699Burnet 39 Art. iv. (1700) 67 He is vested with an unconceivable high degree of Glory. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 574 God's most glorious and best Creature,..vested with a reasonable Soul. 1727― Hist. Appar. iv. (1840) 32 They may be reasonably supposed to be vested with the same powers. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. IV. 13 [He was] created a peer, and was soon after vested with the dignity of chancellor. 1797Ht. Lee Canterb. T., Old Woman's T. (1799) I. 361 [Thou] art vested with the mission of thy..king. 1803in Gurwood Wellington's Desp. (1837) II. 50 note, I further vest you with full powers to decide any question which may arise. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. ix. 288 To vest the officers of the Crown in India with powers independent of the Company. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 227 The Indian Government was vested with the power of sovereignty within its own limits.
c. To endow formally or legally with some possession or property.
1756Anson's Voyages (ed. 8) i. v. 70 This company, in consideration of a sum paid to the king, is vested with the property of all diamonds found in Brazil. 1858in J. B. Norton Topics 246 We propose..that every ryot should be vested with the freehold of his farm.
3. intr. To become vested (in a person); to pass into possession; to descend or devolve upon one as possessor.
1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §44 Euerie estate either executed maintenant, or executorie by limitation of use, which vesteth in possession by vertue of the Statute of 27 H. 8. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xli. (1739) 66 In those days the title vested not unless the Child opened his eyes. a1715Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 137 If the Duke came to be King, the prerogative would by that vest in him. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 196 For the right of the crown vests..upon his heir. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 500 The Court held.. that the whole estate vested in L. his executors and administrators. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises II. 223 The principle..does not apply, if there be an express declaration that the land shall vest at twenty-one. 1865Lowell Reconstruct. Prose Wks. 1890 V. 227 In all cases of land granted to freedmen no title should vest till a fair price had been paid. 1885Sir R. Baggallay in Law Times' Rep. LII. 671/2 The property vests in the official receiver qua trustee.
II.
4. a. trans. In pa. pple.: Dressed, clothed, robed in some garment. Also without const. (spec. with reference to ecclesiastical vestments).
1513Douglas æneid vii. ii. 3 And heich abuf..cleirlie schane Aurora vestit into broun sanguane. Ibid. xi. 29 In rob ryall vestit,..And ryche purpour. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Rev. i. 13 One like to the Sonne of man, vested in a priestly garment to the foote. 1622I. W. Oudin's Sp. Gram. 297 He..saies that a Frier stayes for you readie vested at the Altar. c1655Milton Sonn. xxiii, My late espoused Saint..Came vested all in white, pure as her mind. a1668Davenant Fair Favorite Wks. (1673) 97 Your Brother (Madam) and he brings A Lady with him, vested like a Nun. 1718Ozell tr. Tournefort's Voy. I. 92 The Priest being vested, sets about the Preparation of the Bread and Wine at the little Altar. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 362 On the dexter side, a pilgrim or friar, vested in russet. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers i. v. (1903) I. 328 The thurifers and taper-bearers, in our large collegiate and cathedral churches, were vested in tunicles. 1859Jephson Brittany vi. 76 A priest, vested in surplice and stole.
b. transf. and fig. Also const. with.
1679Dryden Troil. & Cress. Pref., Ess. (Ker) I. 219 Spirits, according to Plato, are vested with a subtle body. a1706Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 81 We see other living creatures come vested, armed, able immediately to find their pasture. a1721Prior Dial. betw. Charles & Clenard ⁋18 Hast thou not seen me..vested in all the Types and Ornaments that Human Greatness is capable of receiving. 1805D. Johnston Serm. for Blind 44 The brightest ornaments with which our natures can be vested. 1865Neale Hymns Paradise 8 The Saints, in beauty vested.
5. Of a garment: To clothe or cover (a person). Also fig. Cf. invest v. 1 b.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 38 Which plad vested Helen, from Greece when to Troy she flitted. 1812Cary Dante, Parad. xxi. 59 The light that vests me.
6. a. To dress (a person) in a robe or garment, esp. as a formal act or ceremony. Cf. invest v. 1.
In the 17th cent. chiefly with reference to Oriental usage.
1648W. L. Newes fr. Turkie 7 My Lord was privatly informed he intended an affront by not Vesting him. 1670Clarendon Hist. Reb. xv. §47 The Speaker..vested him with a rich purple Velvet Robe lined with Ermines. 1695Voy. Eng. Merch. to Tadmor in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 130 To draw him near the City, he vested and caressed some of his Followers. 1840Bp. A. Jolly Sunday Services 219 The words formerly pronounced at vesting the baptized with their white garments, were very solemnly expressive. 1868Gladstone Juv. Mundi viii. 292 The Charites receive her on her return from the scene of the Net to Cyprus, where they bathe, anoint, and vest her.
fig.1639G. Daniel Ecclus. ii. 71 Prepare their hearts, and in Humilitye New vest their Soules.
b. Eccl. To drape or cover (an altar).
1848C. H. Hartshorne Eng. Medieval Embroidery 130 The sides [of the altar] must be covered or vested... Where the table stands away from the wall, the back must be vested likewise. 1867Portuary Calendar p. v, Our right..to vest the Altar in colours..is grounded on the old law of the English church. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 305 It is best for the ends as well as the front of an altar to be vested. 1875Encycl. Brit. I. 641/2 Altars are ‘vested’ during service; that is, covered with cloths of various kinds.
7. a. refl. To apparel or robe (oneself), esp. in ecclesiastical vestments. Also fig.
a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1698) I. 41 Thinking it had been a priest putting on the amice and vesting himself to say Mass. 1727De Foe Hist. Appar. iv. (1840) 30 If we grant that spirit..may vest itself so with flesh and blood. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) VIII. 63, I shall vest myself, as I may say, in classical armour. c1771in E. H. Burton Life Bp. Challoner (1909) I. ix. 140 Just before the Bishop vested himself to say Mass. 1892C. E. Norton Dante's Parad. iii. 17 There are who vest and veil themselves. 1905R. Bagot Passport xvii. 159 Don Agostino disappeared into the sacristy to vest himself.
b. absol. in the same sense.
1882W. Maskell Anc. Liturgy Ch. Eng. (ed. 3) 219 A common custom..that the priest (whether or not he vested before the altar) should vest in the sanctuary. 1892in A. E. Lee Hist. Columbus (Ohio) II. 657 The imposing procession..moved..up the main aisle to the sanctuary where the celebrant vested.
III. 8. trans. = invest v. 9. Now rare or Obs.
1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 36 The Merchant..vesting this Hundred Pounds in English Goods. 1771H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 139 He was then in good circumstances, and it was said came to vest his money in our stocks. 1794Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 247 He vested in some kind of property..all, or almost all, that he had brought out of France. 1804Earl of Lauderdale Publ. Wealth (1819) 178 He vests his capital either in seed..or in a stock of cattle. 1845McCulloch Taxation Introd. (1852) 11 Her capitalists were tempted to vest very large sums in foreign countries. 1863[see vested ppl. a. 3].
▪ III. vest
southern ME. var. fast a.; obs. Sc. f. west. |