| 释义 |
vervain Bot.|ˈvɜːveɪn|
Forms: α. 4–6 verueyn(e, -veyn(e, 5, 7 -ueine, 4, 7 verveine, 4, 7–9 vervein. β. 5, 7 vervaine, 5 -wayne (warwayn), 6–7 -uaine, 7– vervain. γ. 5–6 veruen(e, 6–7 -ven. δ. 6 veruyne, 6–7 veruine, 6–8 -vine; 6 veruin, -uyn, 6–7 vervin, -vyn (7 varvin).
[a. AF. and OF. verveine (13th c.; OF. also vervainne, mod.F. verveine, = Prov., It. vervena), ad. L. verbēna verbena.]
1. The common European and British herbaceous plant, Verbena officinalis, formerly much valued for its reputed medicinal properties. Also rarely, some other species of the genus Verbena, or the genus itself. Cf. verbena 2.
α1390Gower Conf. II. 262 Tok sche fieldwode and verveyne, Of herbes ben noght betre tueine. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 243 A ȝelke of an eij, & as miche of oile of rosis, & as miche of iuys of verueine. a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 64 Vitriol..made with Iuyse of moleyn, or of plantayne, or verueyn. 1611Cotgr., Verveine, Verueine, Holie hearbe, Iunoes teares. 1706Stevens Sp. Dict. i, Verbena, the Herb Vervein. 1866Treas. Bot. 1210/1 The common name of Verbena officinalis,..Vervein, our only native species. 1874A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 161 Between the pathway and the wood She seemed to make a softer clime For vervein, violet, and thyme. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 401 Vervein (Verbena officinalis, L.).—Herbaceous plant.
βa1400Stockholm Med. MS. ii. 315 in Anglia XVIII. 315 A lytyll wyl I tellyn of verwayne, Herbe þat meche is of mayne. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 645 Hec ueruena, warwayn. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. iii. in Ashm. (1652) 39 Vervaine, Lunara, and Martagon. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccxxxv. 580 There be two kindes of Veruaine as Pliny saith, the male, and the female; or as others affirme, vpright, and creeping. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 218 And hard by them againe he holy Vervaine finds. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 439 Vervain..is good against Tertian and Quartan Agues. 1718Quincy Compl. Disp. 132 Vervain flowers in June and July. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 196 The Druids also looked upon vervain, and some other plants, as holy. 1782J. Scott Poet. Wks. 97 Vervain blue for magic rites renown'd. 1816Scott Antiquary xxiii, You have used neither charm,..magic mirror, nor geomantic figure. Where be..your May-fern, your vervain? 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 239 The properties formerly ascribed to the Vervain appear to have been imaginary. 1873‘Ouida’ Pascarel iii. vi. II. 90 About the feet of the Tower of Galileo, ivy and vervain, and the Madonna's herb, grew among the grasses.
γa1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 63 Mirabolan ow to be dissolued in gote mylk,..or in rayne water or rose water, or of veruene, or of anoþer stiptike herbe. 1545Elyot, Hierobotane, the herbe called Veruen. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 64 Veruen, of some after their language is called Holy Herbe. 1591Lodge Hist. Dk. Normandy B ij b, Thou art like the veruen,..poyson one wayes, and pleasure an other.
δ1530Palsgr. 284/2 Vervyn an herbe, uerueyne. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 9 b, Thynges good for the eyes: Eyebryght: Fenell: Vervyn. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 162 The second kinde of Veruine... The leaues of thys..are good agaynst..serpentes. 1596Cogan Haven Health xxi. 41 Also one olde saying I haue heard of this herbe, That whosoeuer weareth Veruin and Dill, May be bold to sleepe on euery hill. 1610Fletcher Faithf. Sheph. ii. i, And thou light Varvin too, thou must go after, Provoking easie souls to mirth and laughter. 1638Rawley tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1650) 32 These yield a Robust heat, especially Elecampane, Garlick,..Vervin, Valerian. a1802in Leyden Cout of Keeldar xxiv. note, Gin ye wish to be leman mine, Lay off the St. John's wort and the vervine.
b. With distinguishing terms, denoting varieties of this or other species of the genus Verbena. Also applied to various species of plants resembling or allied to (and sometimes formerly classed with) the vervains.
1578Lyte Dodoens 125 Verbena recta,..Upright or straight Veruayne. Ibid., Verbena supina,..Low and base Veruayne. 1601Chester Love's Mart. xlii, Base or flat Veruine, and the wholesome Tansie. 1611Cotgr., Verveine basse, Holie Verueine, creeping Verueine. Ibid., Verveine femelle, Female Verueine. Ibid., Verveine masle, Male Verueine, straight or vpright Verueine, common Verueine. c1711Petiver Gazophyl. x. 93 Luzone Vervain with Mint like Leaves. 1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Verbena, Taller broad-leav'd Portugal Vervain. Ibid., Canada Nettle-leav'd Vervain. Ibid., American Vervain with many Spikes. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v., The fine-leaved Vervain... The narrow-leav'd nettle Vervain of America. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 403/2 Stachytarpha Jamaicensis, Jamaica Bastard Vervain. 1843Ibid. XXVI. 254/2 Verbena Aubletia, Rose-coloured Vervain... V. [now Lippia] triphylla, Lemon-scented Vervain. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 412 Verbena Spuria, Spurious or Jagged-leaved Vervain. V. Angustifolia,..Narrow-leaved Vervain. 1856A. Gray Man. Bot. (1860) 298 Verbena hastata, Blue Vervain... V. stricta, Hoary Vervain. 1868― Less. Bot. (1874) 340 Verbena officinalis, European Vervain. 1891Cent. Dict. s.v. Stink, Stinking vervain, the guinea-hen weed.
c. With a and pl. A single species or plant of the genus Verbena.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccxlvi. 718 The Veruaines floure in July and August. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 403/2 Many of them [species of Stachytarpha] have been described as Vervains, but they are distinct from that genus. 1891F. Tennyson Psyche i, Garden sweets, Jasmin and vervains, and old lavender.
2. Incorrectly used to render (or represent) L. verbena: see verbena 1.
1548Cooper Elyot's Dict., Verbenarius, was one of the ambassadours sent from the Romaines vnto their ennemies, which ware on his heade a garlande of Veruen. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1593) 159 Altars twaine of turffe she builded:..Both the which as soone as she had dight With vervine [etc.]. 1600Holland Livy xxx. xliii. 771 They should carrie with them every one by himselfe, certaine flint stones of their owne, and likewise Verven. 1603B. Jonson Sejanus v. iv, Bestow your garlands: and, with reverence, place The vervin on the altar. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. viii. 90 Bind those Altars round With Fillets; and with Vervain strow the Ground. 1720Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. I. v. 276 Shall we..say to the æqui and Sabines, take Branches of Vervain, and return and sue to us humbly for Peace? 1759W. Mason Caractacus Poems 1830 II. 77 Lift your boughs of vervain blue, Dipt in cold September dew. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 55 Festoon these altars and fat vervains burn. 1863Conington Odes Hor. iv. xi. 7 The altar, strew'd With vervain, hungers for the flow Of lambkin's blood.
3. attrib. and Comb., as vervain family, vervain order, vervain root, vervain tree, etc.; vervain-like adj.; vervain humming-bird, the small Jamaican species, Mellisuga minima; vervain-sage U.S. (see quot.).
c1580G. Harvey Marginalia, Hopperus (1913) 182 Redd Roses, Verueyn rootes,..Good for the sight. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 144 Which signifies the Ricinus, or a kind of Vervain Tree. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Veronica, American shrubby Speedwell, with vervain-like leaves. 1849Balfour Man. Bot. §968 Verbenaceæ, the Vervain Family. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 611 The Vervain Order.—Herbs, shrubs, or trees. 1865Wood Homes without H. xxviii. 560 This is the Vervain Humming Bird,..one of the minutest of the feathered race. Its popular name is derived from its fondness for the West Indian vervain. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 163/2 The vervain genus gives its name to the natural order (Verbenaceæ) of which it is a member. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict., Vervain-sage, a European species of sage (Salvia Verbenaca) with small bluish flowers, sparingly naturalized in the United States.
b. vervain mallow, a species of mallow, Malva alcea.
1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 10 Alcea..in englishe..may be named Veruen mallowe, or cut mallowe. 1611Cotgr., Guimauves sauvages, the wild Mallowes called, Veruine Mallowes, cut Mallowes, and Simons Mallowes. 1681Grew Musæum ii. iii. iii. 235 The Seed of the Vervaine Mallow of Japan. c1710Petiver Cat. Ray's Eng. Herbal Tab. xxxix. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Alcea, The common larger vervain mallow with red flowers. 1785Martyn Lett. Bot. xxiv. (1794) 342 Vervain Mallow has an erect stem,..the flowers large, and light purple. 1822Hortus Angl. II. 204 Vervain Mallow. Stem erect; lower leaves angular. |