| 释义 |
inclusion|ɪnˈkluːʒən|
[ad. L. inclūsiōn-em, n. of action f. inclūdĕre: see include.]
1. The action of including (in various senses of the vb.); the fact or condition of being included; an instance of this.
1600Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 33 St. Austen..doth by a secret inclusion compare this mind of man, to one who is to passe over a ditch. c1611Chapman Iliad xvi. 291 These Greeks..Obtain'd a little time to breathe, but found no present vents To their inclusions. 1612Selden Illustr. Drayton's Poly-olb. ix. 145 In this Kingdome the name of Frenchman hath by inclusion comprehended all kind of Aliens. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. iii. 286 Their Heliacall obscuration, or their inclusion in the lustre of the Sunne. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 49 The inclusion and expansion of any natural inanimate particles of elementary Fire. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II. 95 The inclusion of the produce of the fund in the general residuary clause, may be considered as a mere arrangement of language. 1851Mansel Proleg. Logica (1860) 55 To illustrate the position of the three terms in Barbara by a diagram..tends to confuse the mental inclusion of one notion in the sphere of another with the local inclusion of a smaller portion of a space in a larger. 1884Manch. Guard. 24 Jan. 5/3 The questions involved in the inclusion of Ireland in the Bill. 1891Welton Man. Logic ii. ii §94 On the class view the relation between subject and predicate is that of inclusion in a class.
2. concr. That which is included; spec. in Min., a gaseous or liquid substance, or a small body, contained in a crystal or a mineral mass. More generally in technical use (e.g. Cytology, Metallurgy): any discrete body or particle which is recognizably different or distinct from the groundmass or relatively solid and homogeneous substance in which it is embedded.
1839Bailey Festus ix. (1852) 121 All the starry inclusions of all signs, Shall rise, and rule, and pass. 1881Nature No. 616.355 Other sections..are those on mineral inclusions, on the hardness and etching of crystal faces. 1896E. B. Wilson Cell i. 15 The lifeless inclusions in the protoplasm have been collectively designated as metaplasm (Hanstein) in contradistinction to the living protoplasm. 1897Jrnl. Morphol. XII. Suppl. 14 (heading) Discontinuous elements or inclusions. 190420th Rep. Bureau Animal Industry, U.S. Dept. Agric. 149 Borrel considers that his researches show that the microbe of sheep pox is ultramicroscopic and that the cellular inclusions described as parasites of vaccinia..cannot be the true cause of the disease. 1913Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. LXXXVII. 655 The various kinds of slag inclusions occurring in steel..may be classified as follows: 1. Those..dispersed throughout the metal, but mostly near the surface. 2. Those..dispersed throughout the whole mass of the metal. 3. Small inclusions..occurring between the crystals of the metal. 1939A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks (ed. 2) I. iii. 39 Von Leonhard used the term Porphyr-Struktur for that texture in which crystals, crystal fragments, grains, or flakes lie in a dense, unbroken groundmass. The inclusions, he said, are usually different from the groundmass and do not touch each other. 1960F. C. Steward Plant Physiol. Ia. i. 11 The metabolically active inclusions are the mitochondria, the microsomes, and the chloroplasts. 1966Nature 28 May 879/2 Ice specimens..prepared with inclusions of fine air bubbles. 1967A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xxi. 390 There may additionally be local groupings of dislocations created round large foreign inclusions by thermal shrinkage strains.
3. Math. Usu. inclusion map(ping), inclusion function. A mapping of a set A into a set B containing A which maps each element of A on to itself.
1949Ann. Math. L. 956 The symbolism f:(X′, A′) ⊂ (X, A) is read: f is the inclusion map of (X′, A′) into (X, A). 1956E. M. Patterson Topology ii. 20 If A ⊂ B, the transformation i:A → B defined by i(a) = a is a one–one transformation called an inclusion. 1962B. Mendelson Introd. Topology (1963) i. 30 Let A ⊂ X. The function i:A → X..is called an inclusion mapping or function. Ibid. iii. 111 Let the topological space Y be a subspace of the topological space X. Then the inclusion mapping i:Y → X is continuous. 1964Sze-Tsen Hu Elem. Gen. Topology i. 8 Consider the case X ⊂ Y. Then, the function i:X → Y defined by i(x) = x {elem} Y for every x {elem} X is called the inclusion function of X into Y... We write i:X ⊂ Y. |