| 释义 |
ventricle Anat. and Zool.|ˈvɛntrɪk(ə)l|
Also 6 ventrikle, ventrycle, 7 ventrickle.
[ad. L. ventriculus ventriculus or F. ventricule: see ventricule.]
1. One or other of the two cavities in the heart by means of which the blood is circulated through the body; also, the cavity of the heart in certain animals and molluscs which fulfils this function.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 162 Þe herte haþ two ventriclis .i. two holowe placis wiþinne, & þat oon ventricle sittiþ in þe riȝtside of þe herte, & þat oþer in þe liftside. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 195 There is a double ventrickle and bone in the heart of an Elephant. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Digress. 347 The Blood that passes out of the right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs. 1692Ray Creation (ed. 2) i. 33 An Ebullition and sudden Expansion of the Blood in the Ventricles. 1730Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. I. vi. §2 The Heart has two Cavities or Ventricles, separated from each other by a thick fleshy Wall, or Septum. 1760H. Walpole Lett. to Mann (1846) IV. 105 The great ventricle of the heart had burst. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 365 The animals of this order [sc. Batrachia] have a heart with a single auricle and ventricle. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 173 In the ventricles of the heart fibrinous clots may be discovered.
transf.1851S. P. Woodward Mollusca i. 63 Branchiæ two, furnished with muscular ventricles.
attrib.1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 789 Cases of right ventricle failure. Ibid. 794 The hypertrophy was probably..due to left ventricle trouble.
2. One or other of a series of cavities in the brain (normally numbering four in the adult human being) formed by enlargements of the neural canal.
pineal ventricle: see pineal a. b.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 113 Summen seien þat þer ben .iiij. ventriclis of þe brayn. Ibid., Þ is ventricle is sett bitwene two addiamentis of þe brayn. 1548Vicary Anat. iv. (1888) 31 From the foremost Ventrikle of the brayne springeth seuen payre of sensatiue or feeling senews. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. II. Ep. Rdr., Heere may you see..the seuerall ventricles of the braine, as so many sundrie chambers for the intertainment of the animal spirits. 1620Venner Via Recta ii. 35 Beere that is too bitter..causeth the head-ach, by filling the ventricles of the braine with troublesome vapors. 1655–87H. More App. Antid. (1712) 206 Suppose Memory were thus seal'd upon the Brain, and transmitted its Image through the Animal Spirits in the ventricles. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. i. §1. 8 Blood, Matter, or Serum, lying upon the Brain, or in its Ventricles. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 553 The vapour or water in the ventricles of the brain. 1840G. V. Ellis Anat. 23 The calamus scriptorius in the floor of the fourth ventricle. 1872Huxley Physiol. vii. 158 Cilia are found..in the ventricles of the brain.
3. The stomach in man or animals. ? Obs.
Freq. in 17th cent. use.
1574Newton Health Mag. 9 It is good for the Ventricle or Stomacke also. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. II. 343 Wee will beginne at the ventricle, commonly called the stomacke. 1620Venner Via Recta viii. 182 That no part of the meat may sticke..about the mouth of the stomacke, but may..be carried into the ventricle, which is the bottome of the stomack. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. ii. (1677) 59 Whether I will or will not,..my Heart beats,..my Ventricle digest what is in it. 1710T. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 18 Purging Ale..takes off the slipperiness of the Ventricle and Intestines. 1805–6Cary Dante, Inf. xxviii. 26 Dangling his entrails hung, the midriff.. and wretched ventricle, That turns the englutted aliment to dross.
b. The digestive sac or organs in birds, fishes, insects, and certain reptiles.
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 249, I have thruste my fore finger into hir gorge..and by that meanes have caused hir to fill in the ventricle sooner than otherwise she woulde have done. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 182 The powder of a Storks craw or Ventrickle. 1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 907 It may..be termed the Chylus of the Bees,..having its perfection and consummation from their ventricles. 1681J. Chetham Angler's Vade-m. xli. §1 (1689) 307 His ventricle is large and capacious. 1704Ray Creation (ed. 4) i. 30 The Meat [is]..transferr'd into the Gizzard.., where by the working of the Muscles compounding the sides of that Ventricle,..it is..ground small. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xlviii. IV. 424 That the Orthoptera have a ventricle or gizzard. 1868Duncan Ins. World Introd. 10 Two kinds of appendages belong to the chylific ventricle. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. 412 That part of the alimentary canal which lies in front of the chylific ventricle [in cockroaches].
†c. The belly. In quot. fig. Obs.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. ii. 70 Ideas, apprehensions,..are begot in the ventricle of memorie, nourisht in the wombe of primater.
d. attrib. in † ventricle unguent.
1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 238/2 [A recipe for] An excellent Ventricle vnguente, which is verye commodious for the Childebedde Woemen.
4. Any small hollow or cavity in an animal body, serving as a place of organic function; in later use, the recess or space between the true and false vocal cords on each side of the larynx; a laryngeal pouch or sac.
1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 44 All the faculties of the Soule are confin'd of old to their severall vessels, and ventricles. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. 109 The various ducts and ventricles of the body. 1730Bailey (fol.), Ventricles, any round Concavities in a Body. 1808Barclay Muscular Motions 500 The lateral depressions that have been denominated the ventricles of the larynx, or the ventricles of Morgagni. 1877M. Foster Physiol. iii. vii. (1878) 532 The ventricles of Morgagni are apparently of use in giving the vocal cords sufficient room for their vibrations. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 273/2 The ventricles no doubt permit a free vibration of the true vocal cords.
†5. In gen. use: A cavity or hollow. Obs. rare.
1627Donne Serm. IV. 5 In what corner, in what ventricle of the sea lies all the jelly of a body drowned in the general flood? c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §225 (1810) 237 The caverns and ventricles of the earth. |