| 释义 |
▪ I. venter1|ˈvɛntə(r)|
Also 6 ventre.
[a. AF. ventre, venter, or L. venter (whence It., Fr., Prov., and Pg. ventre, Sp. vientre), paunch, womb, etc. In anatomical use the L. pl. ventrēs is occas. employed.]
I.
1. a. One or other of two or more wives who are (successively or otherwise) sources of offspring to the same person. Usually in phrases with by. Orig. (and in later use chiefly) Law (after AF. per un, per autre, venter).
1544tr. Littleton's Tenures 2 b, Yf man haue issue .ii. sonnes by .ii. ventres. Ibid. 157 b, Yf a tenaunt in tayle haue issue .ii. daughters by dyuers ventres. 1628Coke On Litt. i. i. §7 If a man hath issue a sonne and a daughter by one venter, and a son by another venter. 1650Weldon Crt. Jas. I, 89 Mr George Villers a younger sonne by a second Venter. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 60 To his Sons by another Venter..he gave Money-portions. 1677Sandford Geneal. Hist. Kings Eng. 101 Sons of his said Father by the first Venter. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 35 A man dying left Issue by two several Venters. 1760Sterne Tr. Shandy iv. xxix, His sister by the father's side (for she was born of the former venter). 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 227 If the father has two sons..by different venters or wives. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 463 A. having two sons, B. and C., by several venters.
fig.1651Cleveland Poems 3 Her Speech..is a Kiss oth' second Venter. c1651― London Lady 24 The small Drink Country Squires of the first venter. 1687R. L'Estrange Ans. to Dissenter 47 The Author Writes himself a Church-of-England-Man, but it must be by a Second Venter then; for he gives his Orthodox Mother most Bloudy hard Words.
†b. Irregularly used of a woman's first or second marriage. Obs.
1707Cibber Double Gallant iv, An unlick'd thing, she call'd Son—I suppose by her first Venter. 1765Foote Commissary i. (1782) 16 Mrs. Lov. Because..the more children I have by the second venter, the greater [etc.].
2. The womb as the source of one's birth or origin; hence transf., a mother in relation to her children:
a. In the phrase of one (or the same) venter. (After AF. de mesme le venter.) ? Obs.
1579–80North Plutarch (1656) 113 Mnesiptolema..was married unto her half brother Archeptolis, for they were not both of one venter. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 19 Of Isaac by Rebekah, twins were born,..Of one venter, though not..of one minde or disposition. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. 47 He allowed brothers and sisters by the same father to marry, and prohibited only brothers and sisters of the same venter. [1865F. M. Nichols Britton II. 319 The sister of the same venter as the purchasor shall be the nearest heir.]
fig.1669Truth Triumphant (title-p.), That Quaking is the Off-Spring of Popery; at the least, the Papist and Quaker are both of one Venter.
b. In phrases with by (passing into sense 1).
1591Harington Orl. Fur. xxxi. xxvi, I am your fathers sonne, not by one venter. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xiii. (1626) 258 Laertes was my Sire... By the venter I From Hermes spring. c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §266 (1810) 275 My Sister, by one Venter. 1756Nugent Montesquieu's Spirit Laws I. v. 63 It was not permitted to marry a sister by the same venter.
†c. transf. (See quot.) Obs.—1
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 138 Those egges are most wholesome that are most temperate, they being like their venters.
3. a. The womb of a woman. rare.
a1656Ussher Ann. (1658) 342 Another son of Lysimachus, but by the Venter of Odryssias, another wife of his. 1767tr. Voltaire's Ignorant Philos. 169 The brother Cordeliers averred that Mary had not sinned in her mother's venter.
†b. A single occasion of child-bearing. Obs.—1
1657Penit. Conf. vii. 127 As to bring forth at one venter twins. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Venter is also used for the Children whereof a Woman is deliver'd at one pregnancy. Ibid., Thus, two Twins are said to be of the same Venter.
4. Bot. The enlarged, basal part of an archegonium, where the egg cells develop.
1887Balfour & Garnsey tr. K. Goebel's Outl. Classification & Special Morphol. Plants 175 The archegonium when fully formed consists of a thick and rather long stalk, a roundish-ovoid venter resting on the stalk, and above it a long slender neck usually twisted on its axis. 1938G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. II. ii. 17 The mature venter is therefore 12 to 20 cells in perimeter instead of six cells as in the neck. 1978T. L. Hufford Botany vii. 177 The archegonia are frequently long stalked with an only slightly enlarged venter (egg chamber) and an elongated neck.
II.
5. a. In man, quadrupeds, etc.: One or other of the three chief cavities containing viscera, consisting of the abdomen, thorax, and head. Usu. in pl. or with qualifying term. ? Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man vii. i. (1631) 432 It is now time wee should ascend into the third venter, the seate and very residence of the Soule. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 299 The venters are the inferiour, or abdomen; the midle, or thorax; or the supreame, which is the head. 1682Gibson Anat. 2 The three venters are the cavities of the abdomen or Belly, the Chest, and Head. 1720Phil. Trans. XXXI. 84 The Liver, Spleen and other parts of the lower Venter. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 218 Deep Abscesses, in the Neighbourhood of one of the three Venters. 1771Encycl. Brit. I. 277/1 The middle venter, or cavity of the breast.
†b. spec. The chest or thorax. Obs.—1
1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. ii. Introd. 85 The middle Venter or Belly termed Thorax the Chest, and by some absolutely Venter.
6.
†a. One of the four stomachs in ruminants.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 83 In the second venter of a cow there is a round black Tophus found. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 45 They [elephants] have short joynts, 4 venters; a liver four times as bigge as an oxes. 1676Grew Musæum, Anat. Stomach & Guts iv. 17 The Stomachs or Venters in a Sheep are Four. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Venter,..one of the four Stomachs of Beasts that chew the Cud.
transf.1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Isagoge b 8, Neere to the mouth is a venter, like the craw of birds.
b. Anat. The abdomen, the belly.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Venter, the Belly or Paunch. 1738Chambers Cycl. s.v., Jonah is said..to have been three days in the whale's venter, or belly. 1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. i. 639/2 Those very structures which in the saurian venter opposite its lumbar spine..appear as the ventral ribs. Ibid. 654 The reptilian venter and loins. 1859in Mayne Expos. Lex. s.v.
c. That part in lower forms of animal life more or less corresponding in function or position to the belly of mammals. (Sometimes distinguished from abdomen: see quots.)
c1790Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VI. 678/1 Venter, the Belly, is the inferior part [of the insect]. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc. 1288 Venter, in Entomology, signifies the lower part of the abdomen. 1848Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. 306 Venter..of a paler tint than the back. 1852Dana Crust. i. 629 The animal frequently throws its abdomen forward along its venter towards its head. 1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 17 Abdomen..has been unnecessarily divided into epigastrium, or ‘pit of the stomach’, and venter, or ‘lower belly’; but these terms are rarely used.
7. Anat.
†a. (See quot. 1728.) Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 759 [This muscle] was called Digastricus because it hath two Venters or Bellies. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Muscle, The Venter or Belly is the body of the Muscle, being a thick, fleshy part, into which are inserted Arteries and Nerves. Ibid. s.v., Venter, or Belly of a Muscle [etc.]. [Hence in later Dicts.]
b. The belly or hollowed surface of a bone.
1851Ramsbotham Obstetric Med. & Surgery 2 The chief extent of the inner surface [of the hip bone] is concave and smooth, and is called the venter. a1883C. H. Fagge Princ. & Pract. Med. (1886) I. 89 A large bossy prominence projecting from both the dorsum and the venter. 1887Cassell's Encycl. Dict., Subscapular muscle,..a muscle arising partly by muscular..fibres from the venter of the scapula.
†8. transf. The space included within the outline of the square Hebrew characters. Obs.—1.
1771Luckombe Hist. Printing 467 The Powers of the Hebrew Alphabet are distinguished by Points that letters have either in their venter, or over their body.
▪ II. venter2|ˈvɛntə(r)|
[f. vent v.2 + -er.]
1. One who utters or gives vent to a statement, doctrine, etc., esp. of an erroneous, malicious, or objectionable nature.
1611G. H. Anti-Coton 76 This erroneous doctrine ought to be refuted, and the venters thereof punished. 1683Hooker Pordage's Myst. Div. Pref. Ep. 15 But what of..Blasphemies stupendous; to pass by..their Utterers, the villanous Venters? 1707Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 318 A Venter of Lies and false Stories. 1739W. Wilson Def. Ref. Ch. Scot. ii. 79 The Venters of the said Errors. 1885Beveridge Culross & Tulliallan I. ix. 243 Venters of strange oaths..are called to account and forced to do penance. 1906Oman Study Hist. 4 Some earlier venter of such harangues.
†2. One who smells or scents out. Obs.—1
1611Cotgr., Flaireur,..a senter, smeller, venter.
†3. Sc. One who utters forbidden coin. Obs.—1
1629Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. ii. III. 20 Panes..upoun persouns venters, outputters, and homebringers of forbiddin and discharged coyne.
▪ III. † ˈventer3 Obs. rare.
[f. vent v.3 + -er.]
One who sells or offers for sale; a vendor.
1620Shelton Quix. (1746) III. 188 Now let the Venter and the grand Sancho be Arbitrators and Price-Setters between your Worship and me... The Venter and Sancho both agreed. 1681Sc. Act in Lond. Gaz. No. 1649/2 Venters and Dispersers of forbidden Books.
▪ IV. venter etc.,
obs. or dial. varr. venture, etc. |