| 释义 |
▪ I. implicate, ppl. a. and n.|ˈɪmplɪkət|
Also 6 implicat, -plycate.
[ad. L. implicāt-us, pa. pple. of implicāre; see implicate v.]
A. adj.
1. Intertwined, twisted together; also, wrapped up with, entangled or involved in. Now rare.
1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. lxii, The history of Scotland is sa implicat with the history of Ingland, that [etc.]. 1555Eden Decades 157 As the lycertes are implycate in the tayles of the vipers. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. i. (1877) 129 The poore man is so implicate and wrapped in on euerie side. 1672Phil. Trans. VII. 5134 The Veins appear to be strangely intangled and implicate. 1846Dana Zooph. (1848) 273 Folia aggregated, and crowdedly implicate.
†2. Involved, intricate. Obs.
1555Eden Decades 98 What this implicate Hiperbole, or aduancement meaneth. 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. ii. ii. 87 If you resolve such implicate propositions thus [etc.]. 1637R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose ii. 6 Wee see so manifold, so implicate, so confused questions of philosophie.
B. n.
†1. Entanglement, confusion: cf. implicancy. Obs.
1638Sanderson Serm. (1854) I. 181 It seemeth then to be a mere implicat, a contradiccion in adjecto, to say that a thing is sold, and yet for nothing.
2. That which is implied or involved.
1881A. B. Bruce Chief End Revel. vi. 266 But even without consulting the Scriptures we can determine for ourselves the speculative implicates of revelation. 1883H. Maudsley Body & Will i. vi. 95 The implicate of the moral imperative is not liberty but constraint. 1884Fairbairn in Contemp. Rev. 360 The doctrine and its implicates must simply be stated. 1900[see extraconscious (extra- 1)]. 1921W. E. Johnson Logic I. iii. 35 From an implicative, combined with the affirmation of its implications, we may infer the affirmation of its implicate. 1937D. J. B. Hawkins Causality & Implication 61 What factor..must be present in order that the implicate should be dependent in being on the implicans. 1946C. Morris Signs, Lang. & Behavior i. 22 A sign which is more general than another sign,..is an analytic implicate of the other sign. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. Apr. 222 A theorem deducible only from the conjunction of axioms as their only implicate is, therefore, most probative of the theory that contains them.
Hence † ˈimplicately adv., by implication.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII 152 It is in no other translation expressedly, but..it is there implicately.
▪ II. implicate, v.|ˈɪmplɪkeɪt|
[f. L. implicāt-, ppl. stem of implicāre to entangle, involve, connect closely, etc., f. im- (im-1) + plicāre to fold, twist.]
1. trans. To intertwine; to wreathe, twist, or knit together; to entwine, to entangle.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 550 The boughes and armes of trees twisted one within another, so implicated the woods together that [etc.]. 1666Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. 402 [They] implicate, and intangle themselves together so, as to make, as it were, little knots. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. ix. §3 (1819) 113 Owing to the muscles employed in the act of deglutition being so implicated with the muscles of the lower jaw. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 353 The various descriptions of wirework in which the open spaces are of fanciful forms, require to be carefully implicated by the hand.
fig.1885R. L. Stevenson in Contemp. Rev. Apr. 551 The artist..takes up..two or more views of the subject in hand; combines, implicates, and contrasts them.
†b. fig. To entangle mentally, to confuse. Obs.
1625Shirley Love-tricks iii. v, Good men of the jury..I will not implicate you with ambages and circumstances.
c. To entwine (things non-material) in or with (other things).
1826E. Irving Babylon I. Introd. 35 The church is a polity..wherewith he is to implicate all his hopes, desires, and prayers. 1836H. Coleridge North. Worthies Introd. (1852) 20 The interests of individuals are so implicated in those of the community, that [etc.]. 1873H. Rogers Orig. Bible ii. (1875) 81 Christianity was not designed to be..implicated with the fortunes of any earthly polity.
2. To involve:
a. To involve in its nature or meaning, or as a consequence or inference; to imply; to comprise.
1600W. Watson Decachordon vii. vii. (1602) 195 Other⁓wise it implicates a contradiction. 1797A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl II. 103 Old Frazer..had..filled the office of looker at Castle Gowrand—a phrase that implicates the combined duties of steward and bailiff. 1802E. Parsons Myst. Visit II. 223 So much reserve and mystery..assuredly implicated something wrong. 1829I. Taylor Enthus. v. (1867) 109 If these doubtful opinions implicate inquiries which the unlearned can never prosecute. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. (1872) I. 59 There was never any idea of domestic comfort..implicated in such structures. 1896Howells Impressions & Exp. 284 That first lesson of civilisation which my words implicate.
b. To involve (a person) in a charge, crime, etc.; to bring into actual connexion with; to show to be concerned. (Also without construction.)
1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvi, These ruffians, who have dared to implicate that innocent victim..in the charge. 1808Pike Sources Mississ. iii. App. 78 Duplicity..in some degree always implicates the character of a military man. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv. I. 503 In no conspiracy against the government had a Quaker been implicated. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. vi. iii. (1864) III. 442 Each party strove to implicate the other with the name of an odious heresy. 1870Freeman Norm. Conq. (ed. 2) I. App. 721 The Encomiast..does not say a word implicating Eadric.
c. To involve or include in the operation of something; to affect or cause to be affected in the action of something.
1798T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 242 Your feelings have no doubt been much implicated by it. 1859Mill Liberty v. (1865) 60/2 This question presents no difficulty, so long as the will of all the persons implicated remains unaltered. 1880M. Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose I. 144 It is much more rare for the muscles of the larynx and trunk to be implicated [in diphtheria]. 1887Alien. & Neurol. VIII. 633 The brain is pathologically implicated in insanity.
Hence ˈimplicated ppl. a., inwoven, involved, intertwisted, entwined, etc. lit. and fig.; ˈimplicating ppl. a., intertwining.
a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. xxxvii. 308 The implicating Involutions and Fetterings of Gins. 1752Fawkes Descr. May (R.), The painted birds their cunning fabrics made, Or on the oak, or implicated thorn. 1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. iv. 87 The implicated orbits woven Of the wide-wandering stars. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. vi. 324 Where the performance of either of the promises is made by either to depend on the performance of the other, the several conventions are cross or implicated.
▸ trans. Linguistics and Philos. To imply (a meaning) by implicature. Cf. implicature n.
1967H. P. Grice in Syntax & Sematics (1975) 44, I wish to introduce, as terms of art, the verb implicate and the related nouns implicature (cf. implying) and implicatum (cf. what is implied). 1972L. R. Horn On Semantic Properties of Logical Operators in Eng. (Ph.D. diss., UCLA) 96 Both John and Bill didn't go (just one of them)... Notice that the implicit continuation we have filled in above is simply a scalar implicature: not all implicates not none, i.e. some. 1985Language 61 747 (title) Implicating uncertainty: the pragmatics of fall-rise intonation. 1997Jrnl. Philos. 94 437 Arguably, however, in (1), as with the Abraham example, speakers do not conversationally implicate the conclusion drawn by the hearer. |