| 释义 |
reformed, ppl. a. and n.|rɪˈfɔːmd|
[f. reform v.1 + -ed1.]
A. ppl. a.
1. a. Of religion, churches, etc.: Brought to a better or purer state by the removal of errors or abuses, esp. those imputed to the Church of Rome. Also transf. of persons, times, etc.
The name of Reformed Church(es) sometimes includes all the Protestant churches, and sometimes is specifically restricted to the Calvinistic bodies as contrasted with the Lutheran. The adj. also forms part of the specific names of various churches and religious bodies in different countries.
1563Foxe A. & M. To Persecutors, In Countries..and Churches reformed, your errours and superstitious vanities bee so blotted out [etc.]. Ibid. 1 In these reformed dayes. 1588Fregeville Reformed Politicke Ded. A ij, So it is that the Reformed Princes haue bene sclandered by the Pope. Ibid. 73 The Reformed Church began by poore men. 1646Evelyn Diary (Geneva), The French Protestants would make no scruple to submitt to it.., had they a King of the Reform'd Religion. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Church, The Reformed Church is again divided into the Lutheran Church, the Calvinist Church, the Church of England, &c. 1772T. Warton Sir T. Pope 150 The English reformed clergy, who..had fled into Germany, now returned in great numbers. 1794T. Coxe View U.S. ix. 373 There are and have been in the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the general government, persons of the following denominations—Episcopalian,..Reformed, Roman, and probably others. 1837J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois (ed. 2) 73 A Seminary is about being established in a settlement of Reformed Presbyterians. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 355/1 Many of the followers of the Reformed doctrines suffered death. 1844I. D. Rupp He Pasa Ekklesia 466 The Reformed Methodists took their origin from a feeble secession from the Methodist Episcopal Church, in..1814. 1847R. Davidson Hist. Presbyterian Church Kentucky viii. 216 Campbellites..affected the title of Reformers, or Reformed Baptists, and spoke of ‘The Reformation’ as if there had never been any Reformation before. 1894Earle Psalter Gt. Bible Introd. 63 The original hymns of the Lutheran worship constituted a feature which distinguished it from that of the Calvinistic or ‘Reformed’ branch of the continental Protestants. 1928W. D. Brown Hist. Reformed Church in Amer. i. 7 The Reformed Church in America is the direct outgrowth of the emigration from the Netherlands. 1954Collier's 20 Aug. 21/3 Three allocations were decided upon—..the third to an Evangelical Reformed Church. 1967R. McA. Brown Ecumenical Revolution viii. 142 In 1934 the Evangelical Synod of North America merged with the Reformed Church in the United States to form the Evangelical and Reformed Church, while a few years later both of these new groups merged to form what is now the United Church of Christ. 1969T. F. Torrance Theol. Sci. ii. 87 So far we have been thinking of this mainly in terms of strictly Reformed theology but in some respects it had an even greater development in Lutheran theology. 1977Washington Post 18 Mar. d18/3 The signers included Billy Graham and leaders of the..Reformed Church in America. 1978Church Times 29 Dec. 1/3 The consultation is proposing to the sponsoring bodies that a dialogue programme at world level be implemented between the Anglican and Reformed traditions.
b. In general use.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xx. §9 The reformed school of the Epicureans.
c. Of parliament, spec. of that which met after the Reform Act of 1832.
1822Cobbett Weekly Reg. 2 Feb. 290 We forbear to speculate on the manner in which a Reformed Parliament would be engaged at a crisis like this. 1862C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. VIII. xviii. 324 The first session of the Reformed Parliament. 1873Edith Thompson Hist. Eng. xliii. 234 The Reformed Parliament, the object of great hopes and greater fears, met January 29, 1833.
d. Judaism. (With capital initial.) Subscribing to, or characteristic of, Reform Judaism (see reform n. 6 b).
1844Voice of Jacob 19 July 188/2 There is a ‘reformed Synagogue at Liverpool’..that..is to take no part in the election of a Chief Rabbi. 1859N.Y. Times 30 Sept. 1/5 At the tabernacle of the Reformed Society..Dr. Adler preached in German. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. II. iv. xxxii. 298 He was affectionately directed by a precocious Jewish youth, who entered cordially into his wanting not the fine new building of the Reformed but the old Rabbinical school of the orthodox. 1898W. J. Locke Idols vi. 70 Think of Simeon Goldberg, a good friend, a man..of the Reformed faith. 1918H. Barnett Canon Barnett II. xxxiv. 65 Minister of Reformed Synagogue in New York. 1971Guardian 16 Nov. 8/6 Grandfather had been a warden of a reformed synagogue. 1977Church Times 12 Aug. 5/5 On our last day we went with a party to a service in the Reformed synagogue in Haifa.
2.
†a. Improved in manners; cultivated. Obs.—1
1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 181 Very noble and refourmed [Sp. enmendado] knight, by the words of your letter, I understood [etc.].
b. Improved in character, conduct or morals.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 53 Then doubtlesse women either do or should loue those best whose vertue is best, not measuring the deformed man, with the reformed minde. 1592Greene Disput. 11 Iacke Rhoades is now a reformed man,..he is growne a correcter of vice. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. iv. (1841) I. 85 So at last we may be a sober family, a reformed family. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 199 When I asked how reformed offenders were to put their reformation in practice.
c. Reduced to stricter observance.
1706[see reformation 3 c]. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xliii, First came a white stream of reformed Benedictines.
3. a. Altered in form or content; esp. put into a better form, corrected, amended.
1584Parsons Leycester's Commw. (1641) 148 He cousened most notably her Majesty, by shewing her a reformed Copie of the said letter, for the letter it selfe. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Calendar, Reformed, or Corrected Calendar, that which..determines the equinox..by astronomical computation, according to the Rudolphine tables.
b. Also re-formed. Of petroleum products: subjected to or obtained by reforming vbl. n. 2.
1924Proc. 31st Ann. Convention Pacific Coast Gas Assoc. 725 Reformed natural gas. 1931U.S. Bureau of Mines Techn. Paper No. 483. 2 The natural gas employed was composed almost entirely of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6), but the re-formed product comprised methane..and hydrogen..as the chief combustible constituents. 1952Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. VIII. 793 Generally a greater part of the natural gas is re-formed, and a smaller amount is mixed with air and added to the reformed gas in order to control the specific gravity and burning characteristics of the mixture. 1966Petroleum Handbk. (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) (ed. 5) 73/2 Reformed natural gas..can usually be blended to give a gas interchangeable with manufactured gas.
†4. Mil. Of officers: Left without a command (see reform v.1 10 and reformado 1 a). Obs.
1629Wadsworth Pilgr. vii. 71 Those that continued tooke their pay of reformed Captaines. 1670R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 468 The late reformation amongst all the reformed officers. 1715Lond. Gaz. No. 5323/3 Robert Rich, a Reformed Lieutenant in..Major General Rook's late Regiment of Foot. 1758Smollett Hist. Eng. (1800) II. 281 With respect to the reformed officers he declared he had given orders for their being immediately paid. 1814[see reformado 1].
†B. n.
a. as pl. Adherents of the Reformed religion; Protestants.
b. sing. A Protestant. rare.
1588Fregeville Reformed Politicke Ded. A ij b, The fidelitie of the Reformed, and the conspiracies of the League. 1620Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent v. (1676) 391 The Kings death in France, which the reformed did ascribe to miracle, increased their courage. 1655(title) A Collection or Narrative..Concerning the..Massacres, Murthers, and other Cruelties, committed on many thousands of Reformed, or Protestants dwelling in the Vallies of Piedmont. 1741E. A. Laval Hist. Reform. IV. viii. 1122 That Child was born a Reformed, and had been educated in that Religion. 1772T. Warton Sir T. Pope 50 Mary..persecuted the reformed with the most barbarous severities.
Hence reˈformedly adv. rare—1.
1653Milton Hirelings (1659) 57 Yet a late hot Quærist for tithes..would send us back, very reformedly indeed, to learn reformation of Tyndarus and Rebuffus. |