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immediate, a. (n., adv.)|ɪˈmiːdɪət|
Also 5 immeadiat, 5–7 ymmediat(e, 6 y-, imediat(e, immediat; 5–6 inmediate.
[ad. med.L. immediātus (the adv. immediātē was frequent in the feudal sense: see immediately), f. im- (im-2) + mediātus mediate. Cf. F. immédiat (Cotgr.).]
A. adj.
1. Said of a person or thing in its relation to another: That has no intermediary or intervening member, medium, or agent; that is in actual contact or direct personal relation.
a. Of a person.
1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 48 b, The Dolphyn desyred..[them] to be two of his immediat aides. 1686in Keble Life Bp. Wilson i. (1863) 27 Nothing unbecoming an immediat servant and follower of Christ. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. II. 51 The emperor conferred the rank of Illustrious on seven of his more immediate servants. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Confess. Drunkard, My next more immediate companions.
b. spec. In Feudal language, said of the relation between two persons one of whom holds of the other directly, as in immediate lord, immediate tenant, immediate tenure; also elliptically = Holding directly of the sovereign or lord paramount, spec. in Germany, of the Emperor.
1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 4 The chiefe lorde or lordes immediate, of whom suche..houses be holden. 1548Hall Chron., Rich. III 51 Ready to serve..their natural and immediate lord Jasper erle of Pembrooke. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 229 To be free from either a mediat, or immediat Tenure of him. 1660Trial Regic. 10 The King is immediate from God. 1818–48Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) II. 92 The inferior nobility..having now become immediate, abused that independence. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. iii. 11 The King's immediate tenants were bound to attend his court.
c. Of a thing.
1563W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 44 All men have taken them as immediate miracles, without any naturall means or cause. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lvii. §6 The true immediate cause why baptisme..is necessary. a1628Preston Effectual Faith (1631) 51 He doth it by an immediate voice, by which he speaketh immediately to our spirits. a1763Shenstone Ess. 95 Objects..less calculated to strike the immediate eye. a1862Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 4 The immediate object of all art is either pleasure or utility.
2. a. Of a relation or action between two things: Acting or existing without any intervening medium or agency; involving actual contact or direct relation: opposed to mediate and remote.
1533More Apol. Wks. 893/1 As longe as the Prelates pretend that their authoritye is so hygh and so immediate of God, that the people are bounde to obeye theim. 1625in Rymer Foedera (1726) XVIII. 240/2 By Our owne ymmediate commaunde and for Our owne ymmediate Service. 1709Berkeley Th. Vision §59 Bodies operating on our organs by an immediate application. 1712W. Rogers Voy. 26 We are desirous of an immediate Traffick with them. 1864Bowen Logic i. 2 Each [Intuition] is immediate,—that is, it does not come through the intervention of any other state of mind. Ibid. ii. 34 They rest upon the immediate testimony of consciousness.
b. spec. immediate inference (Logic): an inference drawn from a single premiss and therefore arrived at without the intervention of a middle term; sometimes called ‘interpretative inference’, because it renders explicit what was implicit in the original proposition. immediate knowledge (Philos.): knowledge of self-evident truth; intuitive knowledge, as distinguished from that arrived at by means of demonstration or proof.
1624N. De Lawne tr. Du Moulin's Logick 166 Of immediate propositions..some are immediate in regard of the subject, and others are immediate in regard of the cause. 1843Mill Logic Introd. §5 Whatever knowledge has been acquired otherwise than by immediate inference. 1866Fowler Deduct. Logic ii. (1869) 73 Of Immediate Inferences the most important forms are Oppositions, Conversions, Permutations. 1874Wallace Logic of Hegel §24. 45 When we compare the different forms of knowledge with one another, the first of them, immediate or intuitive knowledge, may perhaps seem the finest, noblest and most appropriate. Ibid. §64. 108 The difference between philosophy and the asseverations of immediate knowledge rather centres in the exclusive position which immediate knowledge takes up and in its opposition to philosophy.
3. a. Having no person, thing, or space intervening, in place, order, or succession; standing or coming nearest or next; proximate, nearest, next; close, near. In reference to place often used loosely of a distance which is treated as of no account.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 109 You are the most immediate to our throne. 1611Heywood Gold. Age iii. Wks. 1874 III. 49, I am Iupiter, King Saturnes sonne, immediate heire to Crete. 1800Knox & Jebb Corr. I. 3 Immediate neighbourhood I have none, save one family. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxiii. 598 In immediate proximity to the mines. 1888J. Inglis Tent Life Tigerland 183 This took us both away from the immediate vicinity of the plot. Mod. I know no one of the name in the immediate neighbourhood. I have made it known to my immediate neighbours on each side.
b. immediate constituent (Linguistics): a grammatical subdivision of a sentence, phrase, or word, which can sometimes be analysed into further such constituents; in the case of a word, so as to reveal its morphological structure. (Opp. ultimate constituent.)
1933L. Bloomfield Lang. xiii. 210 The principle of immediate constituents will lead us..to class a form like gentlemanly not as a compound word, but as a derived secondary word, since the immediate constituents are the bound form -ly and the underlying word gentleman. 1943Language XIX. 79 In separating immediate constituents, one attempts to disturb as little as possible the relationship between the meaning of the parts of the combination and the meaning of the combination as a whole. 1958A. A. Hill Introd. Ling. Struct. viii. 127 Immediate constituent analysis is the process of segmenting a complex construction by successive single cuts. 1961R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts 491 Immediate Constituents. This term is often used of what are here called simply components. 1963F. G. Lounsbury in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 45 Linguistic analysis proceeds by the method of ‘immediate constituents’, i.e., by division of a larger unit into two immediate constituents... In the end, a systematic pursuit of a different set of policies in immediate-constituent division would, in fact, produce a different grammar of the same language. 1963J. Lyons Structural Semantics ii. 14 It has sometimes been assumed that all the sentences of a particular language can be analysed syntactically in terms of the immediate-constituent, or phrase-structure model. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Ling. vi. 240 The processes of immediate constituent analysis..by which the longest and most complex sentences can be reduced by analysis to successive expansions of one of a few simple basic sentence structures. 1967F. P. Dinneen Introd. Gen. Ling. ix. 263 In analyzing the sentence Poor John ran away, Bloomfield found that it contains five morphemes: poor, John, ran, a-, and way. They are also the ultimate constituents of the sentence, but the immediate constituents are Poor John and ran away. 1971P. Gaeng Introd. Princ. Lang. v. 91 The sentence The rebellious students walked to the dean's office consists of two main parts—two immediate constituents—namely, the rebellious students and walked to the dean's office. Each part, in turn, consists of two parts, and each of these consists of two parts, until by cutting the sentence into smaller and smaller groupings, we reach the level of single words or morphemes, the ultimate constituents.
4. a. Of time: Present or next adjacent; of things: Pertaining to the time current or instant.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. ii. § 3 Those of the later or immediate times. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 172 Equall with, or immediate unto the Apostolicall times. 1771Junius Lett. xlix. 257 If the event had not disappointed the immediate schemes of the closet. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 2 Our own immediate age is confessedly rich in works of the historical class. 1879Froude Cæsar xv. 252 The immediate future was thus assured.
b. Occurring, accomplished, or taking effect without delay or lapse of time; done at once; instant.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 1362 There was immediat order geven to Edward Lorde Clynton..with all expedicion to prepare himselfe. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 89, I did..at the first use some delaies in imediate dispatch of the thing. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. i. 378 Immediate sentence then, and sequent death, Is all the grace I beg. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 176 Immediate are the Acts of God, more swift Then time or motion. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. viii, Some loose silver for our immediate expenses. 1774C. J. Phipps Voy. N. Pole 64 The hopes we had..entertained of the immediate effect of an Easterly wind in clearing the bay. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 596 That he must either consent to an immediate surrender, or prepare for an immediate assault. Mod. An immediate reply will oblige.
c. immediate access store: in a computer, a store whose access time is negligible compared with the time required for other operations.
1960G. N. Lance Numerical Methods for High Speed Computers i. 5 The memory..can usually be separated into distinct parts. Firstly, there is the high-speed or immediate access store. 1964F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers iv. 79 Magnetic core stores are often referred to as immediate access stores (I.A.S.).
5. That directly touches or concerns a person or thing; having a direct bearing.
1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 324 They began to think of their more immediate work. 1791Burke App. Whigs Wks. 1842 I. 515 Their own more immediate and popular rights and privileges. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. lxxvi, But this is not my theme; and I return To that which is immediate. 1833Browning Pauline 340, I rudely shaped my life To my immediate wants. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 28 She allowed her colonies to trade only so far as suited her own immediate interests. 1896Duke of Argyll Philos. Belief 78 Any mere arrangement which is destitute of obvious or immediate utility.
†6. Uninterrupted in course; direct. Obs. rare.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 4 Teneriffa is thought to equall..in height..any other Land in the World, allowing its immediate ascent from the Ocean. Ibid. 59 The immediate ascent is twenty two foot high.
†B. n. (pl.) Immediate acts or communications. Obs.
1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 382 Christ is speedy, and swift as a roe;..especially in his immediates.
†C. as adv. (In some cases perh. L. immediātē, as formerly in Fr. and It.) Immediately. Obs.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 692/1 Hys other fower chapters immediate before. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 135 Lord of those which hold of him immediate. 1626Bacon Sylva §366 Bodies enflamed, wholly, and Immediate.
Add:[A.] [2.] b. immediate address (Computing), an operand forming part of an instruction in immediate addressing; immediate addressing (Computing), the practice of using the address part of an instruction as the operand itself rather than its address.
1964Gloss. Data Processing & Communications Terms (Honeywell Inc.) 1/1 Immediate address. 1967H. Hellerman Digital Computer System Princ. viii. 332 The first type of addressing..is called immediate (or sometimes literal) addressing: the operand is taken as the address part of the instruction. 1969G. B. Davis Computer Data Processing 578 An ‘immediate address’ is not an address at all, but an operand supplied as part of an instruction. 1984Byte Aug. 385/3 In the case of the immediate addressing mode with 16-bit data, one additional byte is required. |