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单词 vanquish
释义 I. ˈvanquish, n. Sc.
Also vinquish.
[f. the vb.]
(See quots.)
1792Statist. Acc. Scot. IV. 267 The pernicious quality of a species of grass to the health of the sheep..infecting them with a disease called the Vanquish.1793Ibid. VII. 518 In one or two farms a disease also prevails termed the Vanquish.1807Essays Highl. Soc. III. 407 Change of pasture..is the best known cure for the vanquish.1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1122 It is quite a new disease on the Border;..nor did I ever hear its name save from Galloway, where it was called the vinquish.
II. vanquish, v.|ˈvæŋkwɪʃ|
Forms: α. 4 vencuse, 4–5 venkus (5 wen-), 5, 6 Sc., vencus (5 Sc. wen-), 5 -cows; 4 venkis, 5 -kes(s, wenkys; Sc. 5 vincuse, wyncus, 5–6 vincus(s, 6 uin-, wincus, vincous (wincows), vincuis, (win-), vancuis. β. 4–5 venquis (5 -quyse, -quyss, Sc. wenquis); Sc. 6 venqueis, -ques, vinqueis, winques, 6–7 winquis, 6 vanques, -quis(e, wanqueis, -ques, -quis. γ. 5 vencu(s)che, -cusshe, -cuȝsche, -quys(c)he, -qwysshe, -qwissh, -quissh, -quessh, 5–6 venquysshe, -quisshe; 6 vanquy(s)she, -quyche, -quishe, -quysh, Sc. -quhish, 6– vanquish. δ. 5–6 vaynquysshe (6 vayncq-, veynq-, Sc. waynquysse), -quesshe, -quysh, 6 vainquish, Sc. wainquis.
[ad. OF. vencus pa. pple. and venquis pa. tense of veintre (:—L. vincĕre), mod.F. vaincre to conquer, overcome; the ending was finally assimilated to that of verbs from F. stems in -iss-: see -ish2. The δ-forms, however, are ad. late OF. vainquiss-, vainquir, a rare variant of vaincre. See also vencue v.]
1. trans. To overcome or defeat (an opponent or enemy) in conflict or battle; to reduce to subjection or submission by superior force.
αc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7396 Ȝe may me vaille To vencuse þem in pleyn bataille.1375Barbour Bruce i. 554 He wan throw bataill Fraunce all fre; And lucius yber wencusyt he.a1400–50Alexander 3122 If he be fallen vndire fote..And vencust of oure violence, quat vailis him his hestis?c1425Wyntoun Cron. ii. xx. 23 To vincus folk he kennit sa fast That he wes vincust at þe last.1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 48 Thre kingis..he vencust, all halely, and put thame to the flicht.1533Bellenden Livy ii. xvii. (S.T.S.) I. 195 How þe equis and Wolchis war diuidit amang þame self, and vincust be romanis.c1550Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 232 Diuers greit Kingis in feild he did vincus.1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 301 Malcolme in battell first vancuist, secundly obteynes the victorie.
βc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5188 He auaunted hym..He venquised þe enperour alone.c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 602 For þat Nichamoure and Timothee Wiþ Iewes were venqwiste mihtile.c1400Laud Troy Bk. 10500 For auȝt that he myȝt do,..Thei were put vnto flyȝt, Wenkyst foule, & discomfiȝt.c1470Henry Wallace iii. 241 Quhen Wallace had weyle wenquist..The fals terand that had his fadyr slayne.1549Compl. Scotl. Prol. 12 Annibal,..beand venquest be nobil scipion, past for refuge tyl anthiocus.1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 339 He vanquisses the King of Norway.1609Skene Reg. Maj. 17 Gif he quha is challenged be overcome and winquised be battel.
γ1382Wyclif 2 Sam. x. 19 Seynge alle the kyngis..hem to be vencusshid of Yrael.c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 194 Thurgh Hanibal, That Romayns hath venquysshed tymes thre.c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 97 David that sloughe Golye,..That sloughe the bere,..venqwysshed the lyoune.a1533Ld. Berners Huon lv. 185 Yf he can vanquysshe me, then he shal delyuer to thee thy nece.1555Eden Decades To Rdr. (Arb.) 51 The Moores or Sarasens and Iewes which..yet coulde neuer before bee cleane vanquysshed vntyll the dayes of this noble and Catholyke prince.1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iv. viii. 45 Wer't not a shame,..The fearfull French, whom you late vanquished, Should make a start ore-seas and vanquish you?1635Quarles Embl. i. ii. [To] baffle hell, And vie with those that stood, and vanquish those that fell.a1727Newton Chronol. Amended i. (1728) 96 David vanquished the Ammonites.1791Cowper Iliad iii. 517 Me, Menelaus, by Minerva's aid, Hath vanquish'd now, who may hereafter him.1849–50Alison Hist. Europe VII. xlii. §21. 105 She, vanquished but not subdued, compelled to yield to necessity, followed her timid consort.1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxix. 394 They gnawed her feet and nails so ferociously that we drew her up yelping and vanquished.
δ1474Caxton Chesse 37 For by bataylle he shall not be ouercome and vaynquysshid.c1489Sonnes of Aymon xix. 428, I am vaynquyshed & overcome wythout ony stroke.1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 34 Preamble, They were rencountered, vaynquesshed, dispersed, overcome, and dyvers put to deth.a1533Ld. Berners Huon xciii. 303 Syr, thanked be god we haue vaynquysshed the Emperoure.1565Cooper Thesaurus, Debellare, to vainquish or ouercome by warre.
b. fig. To overcome by spiritual power.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxviii. (Margaret) 34 Vertuysly scho cane vincuse þe flesch, þe warld, þe fend alsa.c1380Wyclif Contr. Tracts Sel. Wks. III. 439 Þe fend haþ ben many day abowte to vencushe Cristen men bi Antecristis clerkis.c1440Lydg. Hors, Shepe & G. 343 Bi his meknesse he..venquysshid hath Satan.1483Caxton Cato B ij b, Saynt Johan sayth in the pocalyps who shal vanquysshe the world.c1510More Picus Wks. 22 He it is, by whose mighty powre, The worlde was vainquished and his prince cast out.1560Rolland Seven Sages 44 Than speikis he to God face to face, Quhen that the Deuill he hes vincust.1581Burne in Cath. Tract. (S.T.S.) 118 [That] the craft..of the Deuil is vinqueist and ouercum.1671Milton P.R. i. 175 The Son of God Now entring his great duel,..to vanquish by wisdom hellish wiles.
c. To expel or banish from a place. Obs.
1536Pilgrym's T. in Thynne's Animadv. (1875) 79 Wher this man walked, ther was no farey ner other spiritis, for his blessynges..did vanquyche them from euery buch and tre.1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) 374 Conspiring the reentrie of Tarquinius race unto the Kingdome of Rome, from whence they had been vanquished for wickednes and whoredome.
2. To overcome (a person) by other than physical means. Also const. of (= in respect of).
c1366Chaucer A.B.C. 8 Mercyable Quene,..Hafe mercy of my Perilous langoure, Venquist has me my cruelle aduersair.c1386Pars. T. 661 Therfore saith the wise man, if thou wolt venquisch thin enemy lerne to suffre.1477Caxton Dictes 121 He that demaundethe but reason is able to vaynquysshe & ouercome his ennemye.a1500Bernardus de cura rei fam. (E.E.T.S.) 122 For he is nocht ay wen⁓custe with þe sworde, But oft throw lufe.c1530Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 58 Ofte the enmy is easelyer venquysied with seruice than with stroke of swerde.c1550Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 45 Hippolyte and eik Pandora sle That with hir slicht[i]s al men dois vincous.1671Milton Samson 235, I my self, Who vanquisht with a peal of words..Gave up my fort of silence to a Woman.1725W. Hamilton To C'tess Eglinton 22 The Fair One,..Cur'd of her scorn, and vanquish'd of her hate.1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 212 In arguing too, the parson own'd his skill, For e'en though vanquish'd, he could argue still.1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 295 At last, M. Gerard has got the upper hand; he has vanquished his colleagues, he has vanquished the king.
b. To convict of some offence. Obs.—1
1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. X iiij, Whan it is so that he of that was lawfully vaynquysshed or that he hath that confessed in Iugement.
3. With impersonal object: To overcome, subdue, suppress, or put an end to (a feeling, state of things, etc.).
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 435 For treuþe mut vencusche al oþer þing.c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 46 Pacience..venquysseth.. thynges þat rigour sholde neuere atteyne.c1400Rom. Rose 3546 We se ofte that humilite, Bothe ire, and also felonye Venquyssheth.1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 3284 Thenfeccioun of hir troubled eyr He hath venquesched.1474Caxton Chesse 69 And yf thou canst not vaynquysshe thyn yre than muste thyn yre ouercome the.1513Douglas æneid i. xi. 64 The flambe of torchis vincoust the dirk nycht.1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 122 O God, sa gude and gracious, Lat thair. Jugeing vencust be.a1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. (1878) ii. 154 Euen then my loue shall not be vanquished.1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. i. (1651) 37 If the cause be removed, the effect is likewise vanquished.1671Milton P.R. iv. 607 By vanquishing Temptation, [thou] hast regain'd lost Paradise.1781Cowper Expost. 411 To vanquish lust, and wear its yoke no more.1819Shelley Cenci i. iii. 110 Till it thus vanquish shame and fear.1833H. Martineau Fr. Wines & Pol. viii. 130 Charles repeatedly vanquished his resentment at the Marquis' supercilious treatment of him.
b. To excel or surpass. Obs.—1
1533Bellenden Livy i. Prol. (S.T.S.) I. 7 New authouris..be þare crafty eloquence traistis to vincus the rude langage of anciant authouris.
4. To win or gain (a battle or other contest).
a1400Sir Degrev. 1126 Sone that douȝty undur sheld Had y-venkessyd the feld.c1450Merlin iii. 56 Vter venquysshed the bataile, and ther ne ascaped noon of the sarazins.1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 111/3 Thus as he demanded he vanquysshid the batayll.a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV (1550) 42 A gentlemanne..did demaunde of an Englisheman, how many battailes kyng Edward had vanquished.
5. absol. To be victorious; to have the victory.
1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xiv. 47 And whidir euer he turnede hym silf, he venkusede.1483Caxton Gold. Leg. (1892) 846 He threwe away his swerde, and judged himself better to vaynquysshe in suffering of deth.1568Grafton Chron. II. 756 He shall no lesse commend his wisdome where he voyded, then his manhood where he vanquished.1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 349 He..sa stoutlie straik and vanquist, that a noble Victorie he obteynet.1651Raleigh's Ghost 213 When he suffered his hands to fall down, Amalek vanquished.
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