| 释义 |
-ide Chem.,
a suffix used to form names of simple compounds of an element with another element or a radical. It is added to the stem or an abbreviated form of the name, and was first used in ox-ide (F. oxyde, Lavoisier) from oxygen, whence it was extended to other elements, sometimes displacing other derivatives in -et, -uret, previously used. Thus chloride of nitrogen or (more tersely) nitrogen chloride; hydrogen arsenide (arseniuret). The use of this suffix has been greatly extended in organic chemistry, notably in the generic names of various kinds of naturally occurring compounds, as glycoside, peptide, saccharide (qq.v.); it is used spec. to form the names of glycosides from those of the corresponding sugars (as galactoside from galactose, furanoside from furanose).
In systematic terminology, a compound of oxygen with any other element is called an oxide; in other binary compounds -ide is combined with the (contracted) name of the more electro-negative of the two elements: thus fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine form with each other in order, and with any other element or radical except oxygen, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides; sulphur, selenium, tellurium form with elements other than these, sulphides, selenides, tellurides; and so on. Examples are bromine chloride, sulphur bromide, carbon sulphide; hydrogen selenide, telluride, phosphide, arsenide, cyanide; boron carbide, boron hydride, silicon hydride, ethyl hydride; copper arsenide, carbide, nitride, hydrides of metals and organic radicals. The suffix is also used in amide, anhydride, cyanide n., anilide, and other derivatives from names of compound radicals. Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, etc. are prefixed, to indicate the number of combining equivalents, as in sulphur monochloride S2Cl2 (= SCl), sulphur dichloride SCl2, and so on.
1804Roscoe & Schorlemmer Chem. I. 121.
2. Used to form lanthanide and later (by analogy) actinide, signifying a similarity in properties to lanthanum and actinium, respectively. |