| 释义 |
▪ I. vaccine, n.|ˈvæksiːn, -ɪn, -aɪn|
[f. as next, or a. F. vaccine (1800) cow-pox, vaccination, vaccin (1812) vaccine matter, = It. and Pg. vaccina, Sp. vacuna.]
†1. Vaccination. Obs.—1
1803tr. P. Le Brun's Mons. Botte III. 110 Is it to them the world owes inoculation, which they so long opposed; or the vaccine, which they still oppose?
2. a. Vaccine matter used in vaccination.
1846[see vaccination 1]. 1851Leadam Homœopathy 361 A child..totally insusceptible of the influence of vaccine. 1864Spectator 375 As ordinary Englishmen say, the vaccine took. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 94 It would be also well, for the purpose of keeping up a good supply of vaccine, occasionally to vaccinate direct from the heifer.
fig.1861Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. cliv. III. 155 Impressing the advantages of industry, with the chance of acting as a vaccine to the habits of thieves.
attrib.1889Buck's Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VII. 518 Ume's vaccine-scarificator consists of four blades fixed upon a horizontal axis.
b. A preparation of the causative organism or substance of a disease (or its products) that has been specially treated for use in vaccination (see also quot. 1983).
1882E. Klein in 11th Ann. Rep. Local Govt. Board in Parl. Papers (C. 3337. 1) XXX. ii. 509, I have not yet succeeded in discovering the method employed by M. Pasteur..for the production of ‘vaccine’ protective against anthrax. 1892Brit. Med. Jrnl. 28 May 1157/2 M. Pasteur has for some years directed his attention to the treatment of epilepsy by antirabic vaccine. 1894Daily News 15 Jan. 3/1 Graduated solutions of what for want of a better word may be called the vaccine. 1911Lancet 16 Sept. 814/1 The treatment of hay fever by hypodermic inoculations of pollen vaccine. 1931W. T. Vaughan Allergy & Appl. Immunol. xxix. 328 While the use of immune sera has not been successful in the treatment of typhoid fever, the vaccine has more than demonstrated its efficiency as a preventive. 1962J. H. Burn Drugs, Med. & Man xii. 132 Evidence concerning the value of whooping-cough vaccine to protect children against whooping-cough. 1980D. J. Rapp Allergies & your Family xiii. 220 Measles vaccine should be avoided by children who are receiving steroids. 1983Sci. Amer. Feb. 48/2 There has been increasing interest in the preparation of synthetic vaccines, which is to say vaccines containing not intact viruses but merely peptides..that have been constructed in the laboratory to mimic a very small region of the virus's outer coat.
3. Special Combs.: vaccine-damaged a., harmed, esp. seriously, as a result of being vaccinated; also absol.; vaccine therapy, (G. B. Shaw) vaccinetherapy, treatment of a disease with an appropriate vaccine.
1976S. Wales Echo 22 Nov. 8/8 As a parent of a vaccine-damaged daughter who is classed as severely subnormal I can say every word Mr. Peter Ellershaw wrote was true. 1980Times 15 Jan. 4/1 (heading) New campaign to win state help for the vaccine-damaged.
1907Jrnl. Infectious Dis. IV. 313 (heading) The opsonic index and vaccine therapy of pseudodiphtheric otitis. 1911G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma p. lxxxviii, The theory and practice of securing immunization from bacterial diseases by the inoculation of ‘vaccines’ made of their own bacteria: a practice incorrectly called vaccinetherapy (there is nothing vaccine about it). 1974Mycopathologia et Mycol. Applicata LIII. 25 (heading) Pompholyx of the hands and feet. Its etiology, pathogenesis and specific vaccine therapy.
▸ Computing. A program designed to detect and remove, or offer protection from, computer viruses.
1986Computer Security iii. 72 Research in computer security may bring the development of new mechanisms—perhaps even a kind of programming ‘vaccine’—effective against the virus. 1989N.Y. Times 7 Oct. 35/5 A new industry has blossomed offering users protective programs known as vaccines, or anti-viral software. 1991PC World Jan. 66 The two kinds of vaccine software—scanning programs and memory-resident programs—are sometimes combined, as in Norton AntiVirus. 1997J. Seabrook Deeper iv. 123 Messages he had sent and received between February 28, when he had heard via e-mail from three people in Italy who reported that a new virus was erasing people's hard disks, and March 3, when he and his colleagues had produced a vaccine.
▪ II. vaccine, a.|ˈvæksiːn, -ɪn, -aɪn|
[ad. L. vaccīn-us (f. vacca cow), esp. in variolæ vaccinæ cow-pox (Dr. Jenner, 1798). Cf. It. vaccino.]
1. vaccine disease, vaccine pock, = cow-pox.
1799Med. Jrnl. I. 281 The certainty that the having suffered the vaccine disease, will prove a preservative from the infection of the small-pox. 1802Ibid. VIII. 169, I found the Vaccine-pock so safe and mild a disease..that I became a convert. 1851Leadam Homœopathy 360 When the system has been satisfactorily infected by the vaccine disease.
b. Appearing in, characteristic of, the disease of cow-pox.
1800Med. Jrnl. V. 28 Matter taken from a vaccine pustule. 1816Southey in Q. Rev. XVI. 383 It might be supposed that, like the vaccine infection, it secured the system against a stronger poison. 1845Encycl. Metrop. VII. 755/1 The vaccine cicatrix is round, deep, radiated, and puckered. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 26/2 Ulceration of the vaccine vesicle..is one of the commoner forms of ‘bad arm’.
2. vaccine lymph, vaccine matter, vaccine virus, the characteristic virus of cow-pox (obtained directly or from human subjects) which is employed in vaccination.
1799Med. Jrnl. II. 25 Manifestly arising from absorption of vaccine matter into the system. 1799Jenner Further Obs. Var. Vaccinæ (Crookshank, 1889) II. 188 Mr. Henry Jenner..inserted the vaccine virus into the arm of a child. 1813D. Milne in Home Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 159, I gave his phial of vaccine matter to a Dr. Staunton. 1880A. Flint's Princ. Med. 1043 The vesicles..contain a transparent, viscid liquid called the vaccine lymph. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 644 Essential constituents of vaccine lymph.
3. vaccine inoculation, = vaccination 1.
1799Med. Jrnl. II. 310 Extracts of Letters on the Vaccine Inoculation. 1802Ann. Reg., Hist. Europe 182/2 Dr. Jenner, the discoverer of the vaccine inoculation. 1806R. Willan (title), On Vaccine Inoculation.
b. Connected with vaccination.
1812Examiner 21 Sept. 597/2 The National Vaccine Establishment has..published its report. 1816J. Ring (title), A caution against vaccine swindlers and impostors.
4. Derived from, pertaining or relating to, cows.
1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 242 We have milk.., butter,..cheese. All this is vaccine matter. 1864Daily Tel. 10 June, Cows..executed a kind of comic vaccine war dance. 1881S. R. Macphail Relig. House of Pluscardyn ii. 51 When any animal about the farm became ill, there was generally to be found some skilled person who professed vaccine medical knowledge.
▪ III. ˈvaccine, v. rare—1.
= vaccinate v. 1.
1803M. Edgeworth To-morrow Wks. 1832 V. 355, I think we had better have him vaccined. |