| 释义 |
refined, ppl. a.|rɪˈfaɪnd|
[f. prec. + -ed1.]
1. Purified; freed from impurities or extraneous matter.
a. In general use. rare.
1596Spenser Hymn Love 193 It all sordid basenesse doth expell, And the refyned mynd doth newly fashion [etc.].
b. Of metals. Now spec. with iron (or metal) and tin.
1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 11 To gilde refined Gold, to paint the Lilly..Is wastefull, and ridiculous excesse. 1611Bible 1 Chron. xxix. 4 Seuen thousand talents of refined siluer. 1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 186 [The iron] is..cast into a plate about four inches thick, which is purer, finer in the grain than pig-metal, and also much harder and whiter; it is then called refined metal. 1855J. R. L[eifchild] Cornwall Mines 209 Refined tin, though not equal in quality to grain tin, is made from selected ores... It is used by most of the tin-plate manufacturers. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xiii. 245 The plate of fine metal, refined iron, plate metal, or simply metal, as the product of the refinery is variously called.
c. Of sugar, salt, etc. Also ellipt.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Sugar, Sugar-candy..is better made of earthed sugar, than refined sugar. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 108 By an Act passed in 1786, refined English Rock-salt is allowed to be imported into Scotland. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1207 Six tons of refined sugar can be turned out daily in a three-pan house. 1895Daily News 8 Apr. 3/7 Sugar.—.. Foreign refined market remains steady.
2. Characterized or distinguished by the possession of refinement in manners, action, or feeling.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. i. 164 A refined trauailer of Spaine, A man with all the worlds new fashion planted. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III.) 101 The most refined Frenchman that ever ranne afoote. 1663Gerbier Counsel 7 In this refined Age, which abounds in Books. 1713Steele Englishm. No. 21. 135 It repeats only such things as are proper for a refined Ear. 1781Cowper Table T. 511 Modern taste Is so refined and delicate and chaste. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. xlii, The more refined the society may be—the more civilized its parts—the greater is the mutual dependence. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 404 The refined soul and Hellenic sympathies of the general.
Comb.1835Willis Pencillings I. iv. 31 There is a delicate, refined-looking little marchiones here.
b. Free from, or devoid of, rude, gross, or vulgar elements.
1650Fuller Pisgah iv. ii. 21 [Dromedaries are] of as much more refined service above Camells, as Hacknies are above Packhorses. 1659Gentl. Calling (1696) 12 That Advantage..of an ingenuous and refined Education. 1781Cowper Hope 500 The gross idolatry blind heathens teach Was too refined for them, beyond their reach. 1804–6Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. (1850) 313, I am not speaking of the highest-refined London grief,—the grief of civilisation and softness; but the grief of a savage and a child. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth, The proudest result of this creation [wealth] has been the great and refined forces it has put at the disposal of the private citizen.
c. Of language, speech, etc.: Cultivated, polished, elegant.
1611Bible Transl. Pref. ⁋2 Certaine [men]..could not be brought for a long time to giue way to good Letters and refined speech. 1673Remarques Humours Town 6 The fountain of the refinedst conversation. 1708Swift Wks. (1841) II. 185 It is to be understood that this refined way of speaking was introduced by Mr. Locke. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Mus. xii. 209 Certain Greeks..brought a refined and enervate Species of Music to Rome. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 23 She spoke with a refined accent.
3.
†a. Having or affecting a subtlety of mind or judgement. Obs.
1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 133 There be men..so ouer sharpe or refined, that..they holde it for an office to diuine thoughts. 1594Nashe Terrors of Night Wks. (Grosart) III. 243 Complement-mungers they are, who would faine be counted the Court's Gloriosos, and the refined judges of wit. 1681Temple Mem. iii. Wks. 1731 I. 345 The refined Courtiers, who observe Countenances and Motions, had no Opinion of it. 1714Swift Pres. St. Aff. Wks. 1751 IV. 266 Others were yet more refined; and thought it neither wise nor safe wholly to extinguish all Opposition from the other side.
b. Raised to a high degree of subtlety, nicety, or precision.
1668Davenant Man's the Master iii. i, This reasoning does appear too much refin'd. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. III. 1 The Mathematician considers the nature and forms of things..absolutely distinct from all kind of matter: whereas..it will be necessary for me to consider them in a way less refined. 1769Robertson Chas. V, x. III. 232 Maurice employed artifices still more refined to conceal his machinations. 1812R. Hall Wks. (1833) I. 292 Nothing subtle or refined should enter into the views of a Christian missionary. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 53 Both instruments are but refined modifications of our familiar experiment. |