| 释义 |
▪ I. utensil, n.|juːˈtɛnsɪl|
Forms: α. 5 vtensele, utensyle, 6 -cyle, vtensyle, 6–7 sile, 7 utensile. β. 5 vtensyl, 6 -sylle, utensille, 7 vtensil, 7–8 utensill, 7– utensil; 5–6 Sc. vtensel, 6 -cell, utencell, 7 vtensell(e.
[a. OF. utensile, etc. (14th c.; F. ustensile), a. med.L. ūtēnsile n., f. L. ūtēnsil-is adj., fit for use, useful. Cf. It. utensile, Sp. and Pg. utensilio.
The stressing ˈutensil, evidenced by metrical examples down to c 1800, is corroborated by Johnson and some later Dicts. down to 1835; but the present stressing appears in Bailey's Dict. (1730), and is supported by Ash, Todd, etc.]
†1. collective sing. Vessels or instruments for various domestic uses. Chiefly Sc. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xlvi. (Anastasia) 170 In it [sc. the prison] for to kepe vmquhile Of þe kechine ves vtensel [L. coquinæ utensilia]. 1411E.E. Wills (1882) 18 Y be-qweythe to lucye my wyfe..alle þe vtensyl of myn hows, þat ys to say, in halle, in Chambre, in Pantrie and Botrie, in larder and Kechyn. 1428Reg. de Aberbrothoc (Bann. Club) II. 58 Hal chawmyr kechyng and butre with swilk vtensele as the said John Vernour vsis. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) III. 222 Mony come him till,..With wyffe and barne, and all thair vtencell, As tha in Scotland euir mair sould duell.
2. Any article useful or necessary in a household; a domestic implement, vessel, or article of furniture; now esp., an instrument or vessel in common use in a kitchen, dairy, etc.; † freq. pl., = household goods.
α1484Caxton Fables of Poge i, He gaf to her all new utensyles to kepe houshold. c1510More Picus Wks. 6/1 Much siluer vessel and plate, with other..costly vtensiles of houshold. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 48 Kenelwoorth Castl..so fully furnisht of rich apparell, & vtensilez apted in all pointes to the best. 1611Cotgr., Vtensile, an vtensile; any implement,..or household stuffe. 1648Masy in Nightingale Ejected of 1662 (1911) 922 The enemie hath..spoyled my house, windowes, dores & all utinseles [sic].
β1542Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 160 All the utensilles nowe beinge at Snape. 1546in Eng. Gilds (1870) 199 Certen other plate..with diuerse vtensylles. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. ii. 104 He ha's braue Vtensils..Which when he ha's a house, hee'l decke withall. a1661Fuller Worthies, Yorks. iii. (1662) 186 Small utensils, as Salt-cellars, and the like. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 141 Ye stands, table, and fire utensills. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 218 No expences are calculated for the dairy, such as wood, utensils, &c. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. To Lewis 11 Oct., There was no furniture but the utensils of the kitchen. 1836W. Irving Astoria III. 47 The culinary utensils of the party. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. vi, The tap and parlour..were provided with comfortable fireside tin utensils. 1904Verney Mem. I. 550 Household utensils were apt to run short in the families of the English planters.
b. Any vessel († article, implement, etc.) serving a useful end or purpose.
1502Ord. Crysten Men iv. (W. de W. 1506) X iij b, Vtensyles as lynnen cloth or wollen, flesshe, corne, & wyne. 1551in Feuillerat Revels Edw. VI (1914) 62 Instrumentes vtensiles and other furniture..appertaynynge to the Lorde of Mysrule. 1554–5― Revels Q. Mary (1914) 173 Hedpeces wepons and other vtensiles for maskes. 1660Waterhouse Arms & Arm. 11 Coat-armours and other portable utensiles which we call Insignia. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 336 Waggons fraught with Utensils of war. 1689‘Philopolites’ Grumble. Crew p. ii, Gibbets you know, are Utensils of State. 1705W. Derham in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 316 The utensils for observing the Quantities of Rain which fall. 1751Eliza Heywood Betsy Thoughtless IV. 227 She..made her wearing apparel be also disposed of in proper utensils. 1805Act 45 Geo. III, c. 30 §10 By melting any metal..in any pot, crucible, or other utensil. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Notebks. (1871) I. 2 A foot-warmer (a long, flat tin utensil, full of hot water) was put into the carriage.
transf.1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Pieresc ii. 246 A large Library, and other literary utensils. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 62 Fire..is..a Subject or Utensil of..various and inexplicable use. 1705Hearne Duct. Hist. (ed. 2) I. 190 The Reader will find plenty of necessary Utensils for the improvement of his Manners.
c. esp. An implement or tool useful to or used by an artisan, mechanic, farmer, etc.
1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Vtensils, things necessary for our use..in a trade. 1659W. Chamberlayne Pharon. iv. v. 337 The straitened 'prentice..Changes the baser utensils of trade For burnished arms. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. 277 Utensils, Instruments used in any Art, especially Husbandry. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 178 If we find the Walks..kept neat and clean, and no Garden Tools or Utensils any where neglected. 1708J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 15 [In] sinking a Coal-Pit, what Utensils are requisite? 1774Act 14 Geo. III, c. 71 §1 The exportation of the several tools or utensils made use of in preparing..the Cotton and Linen Manufactures. 1791Smeaton Edystone L. §212 note, The tools and utensils contrived or adapted to the Edystone works. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 378 Agricultural implements, and utensils of trade. 1848Lytton Harold i. i, That tablinum..was now filled with..faggots, and farming utensils.
†d. Mil. In pl. = free-quarter. Obs.—0
1702Milit. & Sea Dict. (1711), Utensils, the Necessaries due to every Soldier, and to be furnish'd by his Host where he is quarter'd. They are, a Bed with Sheets, a Pot, a Glass or Cup to drink out of, a Dish, a Place at the Fire, and a Candle. [Hence in Phillips (1706) and James (1802).]
3.
†a. A part of the human frame serving a special purpose. Obs. rare.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 264, I will giue out diuers scedules of my beautie. It shalbe Inuentoried and euery particle and vtensile labell'd to my will. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 67 The whole Body, and all the Organs and Utensils therein. 1675Baxter Cath. Theol. ii. viii. 156 Is not the whole frame of Humane Nature (and our Utensils) put into the hand and power of Christ the Redeemer.
b. One who is made use of; a useful person. rare.
1678Otway Friendship in F. v. i, A Sot, a Beetle, a Droan of a Husband, a mere Utensil. 1692E. Walker tr. Epictetus' Mor. xxx, I thus shall useless grow To those I love,..Nor raise them to be Utensils of State. [1794Wolcot (P. Pindar) Remonstrance 69 Yet is a King a utensil much wanted—A screw..to keep together The ship's old leaky sides in stormy weather.] 1896T. Healy in Daily News 14 Feb. 2/4 The first use the Unionist Government made of their Viceregal utensil.
4. A sacred vessel, furnishing, etc., belonging to, and esp. used in the services of, a church, temple, or other place of worship.
1650Hobbes De Corp. Pol. 150 All the Utensils of sacrifice and other holy Things, were ordered by Moses. 1660Jer. Taylor Ductor iii. iv. rule vi. §20 The Rulers office..may extend to sumptuousness, to ornaments of churches, to rich utensils, to splendor, to majesty. 1701Prideaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (1712) 30 What are not fixed to the Freehold of the Church, but are of the moveable Goods belonging thereto, are called the Utensils of the Church. 1751Affect. Narr. of Wager 155 The Jesuits Church.., the Utensils of which are exceedingly valuable. 1805Foster Ess. iv. iv. 164 Consecrated utensils stolen out of a temple. 1836Thirlwall Greece II. 52 In certain solemn processions..they were compelled to bear a part of the sacred utensils. 1877J. D. Chambers Div. Worship 249 The forms for Benediction of the Sacramental Utensils.
5. A stool for evacuation; a chamber-pot. Spec. chamber utensil.
1699Garth Dispens. ii. 24 The Springs of Life their former Vigour feel, Such Zeal he had for that vile Utensil. 1731Swift Strephon & Chloe 173 The nymph..brings a vessel into bed: Fair utensil, as smooth and white As Chloe's skin. 1768–74A. Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 147 If Alexander and Cæsar could never be easy off the stool, I would not deny them that needful utensil. 1834Westm. Rev. XX. 494 On being waked by her house on fire, [she] laid hold of the chamber utensil and rushed out. 1861F. Nightingale Nursing (ed. 2) 16 Any chamber utensil without a lid.
▪ II. † utensil, a. Obs.
In 6 vtensel, -sile, 7 utensile.
[ad. L. ūtēnsil-is: see prec.]
Necessary for use, esp. in a household.
1490Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 148/2 Johne..sall restore..certane gudis vtensill and domicill. 1549Compl. Scot. xvii. 145 Mettellis var meltit to mak vtensel veschel necessair to serue ane houshald. 1552Huloet, Vtensile or necessarye to be vsed, vtensilis. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 219 The gift of vtensile goods made to the husband. Ibid., In Misen the wife hath not the vtensile goods, which [etc.]. |