| 释义 |
hypochondriac, a. and n.|hɪpəʊˈkɒndrɪæk, haɪpəʊ-|
Also 7–9 hypocondriac.
[a. F. hypocondriaque (16th c.) ad. med.L. hypochondriac-us, a. Gr. ὑποχονδριακ-ός affected in the hypochondria; see prec.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of morbid states: Proceeding from, or having their origin in, the hypochondria, regarded as the seat of melancholy; hence, consisting in, or having the nature of, a settled depression of spirits.
1599R. Surflet tr. A. Du Laurens' Discourse Preservation of Sight 125 The Hypochondriake disease..[is] a drie and hote distemperature of Mesenterium, the liver and spleene. 1615Crooke Body of Man 416 An honest Citizen..was sicke or indisposed with a hypochondriake melancholy for 3. yeares. 1669Phil. Trans. IV. 1089 The Causes of the Hysterick and Hypochondriack Passions. 1679J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned iii. iii. (1713) 310 That hypochondriack sourness and austerity, which some place a great deal of religion in. 1794–6E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) III. 209 The hypochondriac disease consists in indigestion and consequent flatulency, with anxiety or want of pleasurable sensation. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 66 Melancholy..often assumes many of the symptoms that essentially appertain to the hypochondriac disease. 1965W. G. Klopfer in B. B. Wolman Handbk. Clin. Psychol. 830/2 Hypochondriac symptoms commonly occur and may, if no discernible cause for the symptom is found, be due to exaggerated needs for attention and other psychological desires.
b. Of persons, their temperaments, looks, thoughts, etc.: Affected by hypochondria; characterized by, or expressive of, a morbid melancholy.
1599R. Surflet tr. A. Du Laurens' Discourse Preservation of Sight 131, I have seene two Hypochondriake persons..raging mad. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 187 What is poore and silly man alone, but..a melancholick and hypochondriack creature? 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §4 Democritus that thought to laugh the times into goodnesse, seems to me as deeply Hypochondriack, as Heraclitus that bewailed them. 1782V. Knox Ess. (1819) I. xxi. 124 Complaints founded only in an hypochondriac imagination. 1803Beddoes Hygëia ix. 184 The hysterical, the hypochondriac, very generally agree in complaining of a decrease of memory. 1856Mrs. Stowe Dred I. ii. 19 That occasional gleam of troubled wildness which betrays the hypochondriac temperament.
2. a. Anat. Situated in the hypochondria. hypochondriac region, the part of the abdomen occupied by the hypochondria.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The hypochondriac regions. 1793Beddoes Sea Scurvy 70 Pain in the breast and left hypochondriac region. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 46 An exploratory puncture having been made into the hypochondriac swelling [etc.].
b. Entom. ‘Of or pertaining to the hypochondria or basal ventral plates of the abdomen: as, the hypochondriac segment’ (Cent. Dict.).
B. n.
1. A person affected with or subject to hypochondria.
1639Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 33 Those melancholly Hypochondriacks..whose fantasies, how extravagant soever..must never be opposed. 1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle i. i, Thou art a Melancholly Fellow, a kind of Hypocondriack, as I am told. 1791Boswell Johnson (1831) I. 36 But let not little men triumph upon knowing that Johnson was an Hypochondriack. 1866–80A. Flint Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 854 The hypochondriac is the victim of a delusion with respect to his condition. 1888R. Roose Nerve Prostration i. xv. 348 The hypochondriac is always dwelling upon his symptoms, and constantly talks about his health. 1916M. H. Fussell Monographic Med. V. xii. 781 Hypochondria is more likely to be confounded with neurasthenia [than with hysteria], but as the hypochondriac believes he is ill and constantly talks about his symptoms, and hysteriacs also..complain of various symptoms there may be confusion. 1932H. S. Walpole Fortress iv. v. 693 She was no hypochondriac, but from a kind of outside consideration she summoned her forces. Had she a headache? Did her eyes smart? How was her throat? 1955Sci. Amer. Apr. 104/3 He was a hypochondriac and a crank, chronically dyspeptic and unamiable. 1973Times 27 Sept. 15/1 George S. Kaufman..was..an obsessive card player, compulsive womanizer, necrophobe, hypochondriac.
†2. = The disease, hypochondria 2. Obs.
1599R. Surflet tr. A. Du Laurens' Discourse Preservation of Sight 126 The other part where the Hypochondriake breedeth, is the liver. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. (1809) 109 The liver, gall and spleen, and the diseases that arise from them, as the jaundice and hypochondriac. 1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Hypochondriac, a windy melancholy bred in the hypochondria, from whence a black phlegm arises that infects and troubles the mind. 1698W. Chilcot Evil Thoughts iii. (1851) 24 By an hypocondriac, or some other disease. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. Introd. 51 Abbreviations exquisitely refined: as..Hypps, or Hippo, for Hypochondriacks. 1796Burney Mem. Metastasio I. 383 This performer comes to entertain and solace me in my doleful hypochondriacs. |