| 释义 |
hypocaust Rom. Antiq.|ˈhɪpəkɔːst, ˈhaɪpəʊ-|
[ad. late L. hypocaustum, -causton, a. Gr. ὑπόκαυστον, lit. room or place ‘heated from below’, f. ὑπό hypo- 1 + καυ-, καίειν to burn.]
A hollow space extending under the floor of the calidarium, in which the heat from the furnace (hypocausis, ὑπόκαυσις) was accumulated for the heating of the house or of a bath.
It has been sometimes explained as ‘a vaulted room heated by a furnace below’ (which may have been the primary sense), and sometimes erroneously identified with the hypocausis or furnace itself.
1678Phillips (ed. 4), Hypocaust, a Hot-house to sweat in, or a Stove. 1696Ibid. (ed. 5), Hypocaust, a subterraneal Place, wherein there was a Furnace, which served to heat the Baths of the Ancients. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772. 70 A fine hypocaust or bath was discovered. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iii. ii. 25 The Roman Mansion with its hypocaust. 1885J. H. Middleton Anc. Rome 334 Vitruvius's description of the hypocausts or hollow floors used for heating the hot rooms (calidaria) agrees closely with many existing examples. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 579/1 In the remains of Roman Villas found in Britain the hypocaust is an invariable feature. 1890Smith's Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antiq. I. 278/1 The passages from the furnace to the hypocaust and the flues in the walls appear to have been called cuniculi.
b. transf. A stove.
1829Scott Anne of G. xix, The stube of a German inn derived its name from the great hypocaust, or stove, which is always strongly heated, to secure the warmth of the apartment in which it is placed.
Hence ˈhypocausted ppl. a., furnished with a hypocaust or hypocausts.
1897Antiquary Nov. 321 They found a large villa. It was very extensively hypocausted. |