| 释义 |
ushabti Egyptol.|uːˈʃæbtɪ|
Also ushebte, ushebti. Pl. ushabtis, -iu.
[a. Egyptian wšbty answerer.]
A figurine of a deceased person, made of faience, stone, wood, etc., and placed in an ancient Egyptian tomb to act as a substitute for the dead person in any work he might be called upon to do in the afterlife. Also ushabti-figure. See also shabti, shawabti.
1885E. A. T. W. Budge Dwellers on Nile viii. 164 The figures placed with the dead were called ushabtiu, and were inscribed with the name of the deceased and the sixth chapter of the Book of the Dead. 1894H. M. Tirard tr. Erman's Life in Anc. Egypt xiii. 317 Besides these models of servants and of sailors which replaced the earthly domestics of the departed, there were many other figures of a different kind... These are the so-called funerary statuettes, or as they are termed in Egyptian the Ushebte, i.e. the answerers. 1910Encycl. Brit. V. 709/1 This polychrome faience was also now [sc. in the Eighteenth Dynasty] used for the ushabti figures which were placed in the tombs; hitherto they had been made exclusively of stone or wood..the plain blue and black of the ordinary vases was adopted. The ushabtis of King Seti I...are fine specimens of this type. 1925Glasgow Herald 27 July 8 The ushabtiu figures..were deposited either in the coffin itself or near to it. 1933A. W. Shorter Everyday Life in Anc. Egypt viii. 175 The actual meaning of the word ushabti is not known for certain, one explanation being that the word is derived from the verb usheb ‘to answer’, and therefore means ‘answerer’—i.e. one who comes at the summons of the deceased. Ibid. 176 The ushabti..represents the deceased himself in mummy form... The ushabti-figures of the Eighteenth Dynasty..are made of wood or stone... The manufacture of faïence ushabtiu, however,..became popular. 1957L. Durrell Justine i. 57 The air was all at once full of..tear-bottles, Ushabti, and Sèvres. 1961A. H. Gardiner Egypt of Pharaohs iii. 32 The tombs of the well-to-do often yield hundreds of small statuettes mostly of faience or wood now generally known by their later name of Ushabti figures or ‘answerers’..; the earlier writing Shawabti is of doubtful meaning. 1979H. Evans Mystery of Pyramids ii. 62/2 To make this everlasting life as comfortable as possible, the spirit called upon the magical aids and implements provided in its earthly tomb. These facilities even included model figures, ushabtis, that could act as substitutes if the gods called for workers in the fields. |