| 释义 |
urethane Chem.|ˈjʊərɪθeɪn, jʊˈrɛθeɪn|
Also -an.
[a. F. uréthane: see ur-ea and ethane; coined by J. B. A. Dumas 1833, in Ann. d. Chim. et Physique LIV. 236.]
1. a. Ethyl carbamate; valued as an anæsthetic.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 600 The specific gravity of the vapour of urethan. 1844Fownes Man. Chem. 386 Urethane is a white, solid, crystallizable body, fusible below 212°. 1885Lancet 19 Dec. 1167/2 He had slept comfortably by the aid of urethan.
b. Any ester of carbamic acid.
c. By extension, any compound which includes the group {b1}NH·CO·O{b1} in the molecule.
1856Jrnl. Chem. Soc. VIII. 276 Butylic urethane..forms beautiful nacreous scales. 1876Encycl. Brit. V. 578/1 The neutral ethereal salts of carbamic acid are known as urethanes. 1926Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XLVIII. 2176 It was decided..to prepare the mono- and dicarbethoxy-guanidines... The compounds may be regarded as urethans. 1954C. H. Fisher et al. in G. S. Whitby Synthetic Rubber xxv. 926 The diisocyanate reacts with the terminal hydroxyls of the polyester, forming urethane linkages. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis xiv. 447 The isocyanate is converted into an amine or a urethane. 1976A. L. Ternay Contemporary Org. Chem. xxii. 688 Urethanes have high melting points, making them useful as derivatives of phenols.
2. = polyurethane; also attrib. and fig.
1956[see processable a.]. 1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 463/2 Construction: Aluminium extrusion and sheet,..urethane foam, laminated wood. 1971Cabinet Maker & Retail Furnisher 1 Oct. 14/2 Children's stools made of ICI's new solid urethane plastic are being supplied to infant and primary schools. 1976A. Cassorla Skateboarder's Bible 9 The past can be shrouded by the translucent urethane gauze of the present. 1979Arizona Daily Star 8 Apr. a3/3 (Advt.), Madly flattering sandals of soft kid urethane, with flexible, easy going soles. |