| 释义 |
hydroxy- Chem.|haɪˈdrɒksɪ|
Before a vowel hydrox-.
[f. hydrogen + oxygen.]
1. An element in names of chemical compounds, signifying the addition or substitution of oxygen and hydrogen or the radical hydroxyl.
1872Watts Dict. Chem. Suppl. VI. 722 Hydroxybenzyluric acid, C16H21NO5..An acid produced by oxidation of hydrobenzyluric acid, when an alkaline solution of the latter is exposed to the air. Ibid., Hydroxethylene-triethylammonium... The chloride..is obtained by heating hydroxychloride of ethylene with triethylamine. 1887Athenæum 11 June 770/1 The outer coating of walnuts contains a crystalline substance termed nucin or juglone, which has been found to be a hydroxynaphthaquinone.
2. spec. Used as a prefix in the names of acids of the series having the general formula CnH2nO3 which differ from the corresponding fatty acids (oxy-acids) by containing one more atom of oxygen, or by having one hydroxyl in place of one hydrogen; as hydroxy-formic acid (HO.CO2H), corresp. to formic acid (H.CO2H).
1888I. Remsen Organ. Chem. 169 A hydroxy-succinic acid. 1896Ibid. x. 155 Hydroxy-acids..may be regarded either as monobasic acids into which one alcoholic hydroxyl has been introduced, or as monacid alcohols into which one carboxyl has been introduced.
3. Special Combs.: hyˌdroxyamˈphetamine Pharm., a sympathomimetic amine that is a hydroxy derivative of amphetamine but lacks its stimulant effect on the central nervous system, and is used (as a solution of the hydrobromide) as a nasal decongestant and a mydriatic; methyl tyramine, HO·C6H4·CH2CH(NH2)CH3; hyˌdroxybenˈzoic a., in hydroxybenzoic acid, any of three derivatives, HO·C6H4·COOH, of benzoic acid having a ring-substituted hydroxyl group; spec. the ortho isomer, salicylic acid; hyˌdroxybuˈtyric a., in hydroxybutyric acid, any monohydroxy derivative of a butyric acid; spec. the acid CH3CHOHCH2COOH, one of the ‘ketone bodies’; hyˌdroxycitroˈnellal, a monohydroxy derivative, C10H20O2, of citronellal, prepared synthetically and used extensively in perfumery to give the odour of lily of the valley; 17-hyˌdroxycorticoˈsteroid Biochem., any corticosteroid that has a hydroxyl group attached at position 17 of the steroid nucleus; hyˌdroxycorticoˈsterone Biochem. = hydrocortisone; hyˌdroxyˈlysine, an amino-acid, H2N·CH2CHOH(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH, found principally in collagen; hyˌdroxyˈmethyl, the univalent radical {b1}CH2OH, in which a hydroxyl group replaces one of the hydrogen atoms of a methyl group; hyˌdroxymethyˈlation, the introduction of a hydroxymethyl group into a compound; hyˌdroxymethylˈcytosine, a pyrimidine base, C4H4N3O·CH2OH, that is present in place of cytosine in the DNA of certain bacteriophages; hyˌdroxyˈproline, any of the monohydroxy derivatives, C5H9NO3, of proline; esp. 4-hydroxyproline, the lævorotatory form of which is a non-essential amino-acid (strictly, an imino-acid) that is an important constituent of collagen and elastin; hyˌdroxyˈtryptamine, any of the ring-substituted monohydroxy derivatives, C10H16N2O, of tryptamine, esp. serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine).
1948Arch. Otolaryngol. XLVIII. 659 The product used..provides..800 units of penicillin per cubic centimeter in a 1 per cent solution of hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide (paredrine hydrobromide).
1876Jrnl. Chem. Soc. ii. 85 (heading) A new hydroxybenzoic acid. 1888Bloxam Chem. (ed. 6) 524 Salicylic or hydroxybenzoic acid, C6H4.HO.CO2H, is prepared artificially by combining phenol with soda, and heating the product in carbonic acid gas. 1958Packer & Vaughan Mod. Approach Org. Chem. xxiv. 796 The most important hydroxy-benzoic acid is salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid).
1879Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXVI. 615 (heading) Hydroxybutyric acid, C4H8O3. 1970W. S. Hoffman Biochem. Clin. Med. (ed. 4) iv. 149 The so-called ketone bodies, namely, acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone..are formed during the oxidation of fatty acids.
1929Chem. Abstr. XXIII. 95 Pure rhodinal..was prepd. by vacuum distn. of hydroxycitronellal. 1951P. Z. Bedoukian Perfumery Synthetics & Isolates 231 Hydroxycitronellal has not been found in nature and is entirely a development of the laboratory.
1951Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metabolism XI. 1029 Treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone led to an increase in concentration of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 225/2 Simple steroid screening tests such as single determinations of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid in plasma or in collections of urine.
1943Reichstein & Shoppee in Vitamins & Hormones I. 356 17-Hydroxycorticosterone... Isolated and described as ‘Substance M’ by Reichstein (55) and by Kendall et al. (54), who called it ‘Compound F’. 1961Lancet 7 Oct. 796/1 Further reports on the urinary levels of 17-hydroxycorticosterone..of such patients will be awaited with interest.
1925Chem. Abstr. XIX. 2347 Hydroxylysine does not occur in casein or ovalbumin. 1969New Scientist 3 July 11/1 One [family] excreted excessive quantities of hydroxylysine.
1937Chem. Abstr. XXXI. 9888/3 (Index), Hydroxy⁓methyl group, detn. in resol. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. ix. 218 In 5-hydroxy-methyl⁓cytosine, a hydroxy-methyl ({b1}CH2OH) group replaces the hydrogen at position 5.
1948H. Wynberg tr. Theilheimer's Synthetic Methods Org. Chem. I. 147 (heading) Hydroxymethylation of phenols with formaldehyde. 1968H. V. Aposhian in H. Fraenkel-Conrat Molecular Basis Virol. v. 504 Shortly after infection with a T-even phage, a new enzyme is produced which catalyzes the hydroxymethylation of dCMP at the 5 carbon atom.
1952Wyatt & Cohen in Nature 20 Dec. 1072/1 We have now resolved this discrepancy by isolation from T-even bacteriophages of a new pyrimidine base, identified as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. 1968H. V. Aposhian in H. Fraenkel-Conrat Molecular Basis Virol. v. 499 The unusual base, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, is not found in uninfected E. coli.
1905Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXVIII. i. 545 (heading) Synthesis of hydroxypyrrolidinecarboxylic acids (hydroxyprolines). 1965A. Meister Biochem. Amino Acids (ed. 2) I. i. 87 3-Hydroxyproline was first obtained from cattle Achilles' tendon collagen. 1967New Scientist 24 Aug. 375/1 In fish from cold water the precise proportion of the imino-acid hydroxyproline in the important protein collagen..was lower than that in fish from warm water.
1949Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CLXXX. 968 Tentatively, then, the constitutional formula of 5-hydroxytryptamine..may be assigned to this vasoconstrictor principle. 1956Nature 18 Feb. 332/2 The pharmacologically active substance 5-hydroxytryptamine is known to be liberated from platelets during clotting. 1956Chem. Abstr. L. 5630 (heading) A new synthesis of bufotenine and related hydroxytryptamines. Ibid. 5631 6-Hydroxytryptamine. |