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hydroxide Chem.|haɪˈdrɒksaɪd|
[mod. f. hydro- d + oxide.]
1. A compound of an element or radical with oxygen and hydrogen, not with water; by some chemists restricted to compounds whose reactions indicate the presence of the group hydroxyl (OH).
† Formerly used interchangeably with hydrate.
1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1327 Hydroxide of iron, from San Claudio. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. xvii. 175 If only a portion of the hydrogen of water is replaced by metal, the resulting compound is termed a Hydroxide: thus, by the action of potassium on water, hydrogen is liberated and caustic potash KHO, potassium hydroxide, is formed. 1877Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. I. 193 The basic oxides..form in combination with water a class of compounds termed Hydroxides or hydrated oxides. 1890Morley & Muir Watts' Dict. Chem. II. 703/2 Compounds formed by the union of molecules of H2O with other molecules or atoms, without a rearrangement of the atoms of the group H2O, are called hydrates; compounds formed by a reaction of molecules of H2O with other molecules or atoms, such that the group H2O is separated into its constituent atoms, which are rearranged in the new molecule, are called hydroxides. But it is often impossible to tell whether a given compound is an hydrate or an hydroxide.
2. attrib., as hydroxide ion.
1955Chem. & Engin. News 1 Aug. 3190/3 The name ‘hydroxyl’ has long denoted the group OH. In organic contexts it is undoubtedly correct; but the expression ‘hydroxyl ion’ is very frequently used, although possibly less logical than ‘hydroxide ion’. 1959Nomencl. Inorg. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) 30 Certain polyatomic anions have names ending in -ide. These are: OH- hydroxide ion [etc.]... The OH- ion should not be called the hydroxyl ion. The name hydroxyl is reserved for the OH group when neutral or positively charged.
Hence hyˈdroxidated a., converted into a hydrated oxide.
1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1326 Galenas..mixed with pyritic iron and hydroxidated iron. |