| 释义 |
upwards, adv. and prep.|ˈʌpwədz|
Forms: 1 up-, uppweardes, 2, 5–6 upwardes (6 upp-), 5, 6 vpwardes, 6–7 vp-, 7– upwards (7 upp-); 6 Sc. vpwartis, 9 dial. up-, uppards, etc.
[OE. up-, uppweardes, f. upweard upward adv. + -es of adv. genitive: see -wards. Cf. OS. upwardas, MLG. upwordes, MDu. op-, upwaerts, -werdes, etc. (Du. opwaarts), MHG. ufwertes (G. aufwärts).]
A. adv.
I.
1. a. = upward adv. 1 a.
† to make upwards (quot. 1575): see make v.1 45.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiv. §10 Þæt he onᵹinð of þæm wyrtrumum & swa upweardes grewð oð ðone stemn. c1000Boeth. Metr. xiii. 62 Sio sunne..stihð a upweardes, oð hio eft cymeð þær hire yfemesð bið eard ᵹecynde. c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xiii, Þe tayle..streight and a litell crompynge vpward [MS. Reg. vpwardes]. 1575Turbervile Faulconrie 158 To make a high fleeing Hawke vpwards. Ibid., It hapneth oftentimes that a hawke..wil yet be long before she be made upwards. 1578Banister Hist. Man v. 76 The vretarie vessels..also prohibite that vpwardes none [sc. urine] may returne agayne. 1613Bible Gen. vii. 20 Fifteene cubits vpwards [1611 vpward], did the waters preuaile. 1647Cowley Mistr., My Fate i, Go bid the Stones a journey upwards make. 1711Addison Spect. No. 62 ⁋5 His ambitious Love is a Fire that naturally mounts upwards. 1786Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. lxvii, Their shoulders are moved upwards and downwards. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 189 A dry glass rod or tube, rubbed..upwards and downwards with a dry hand. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. (1842) 89 Another..mode..is to continue the furnace upwards by a deep ring. 1858Glenny Gard. Every-day Bk. 230/2 These..trailing plants..are more frequently trained upwards.
fig.1828Lytton Pelham II. xvi, Men..who join ignorance of every principle of legislation to indifference for every benefit to the people:..who level upwards, and trample downwards. 1905Forsyth in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 581 The Christ needs the apostle, the preacher. The Mediator upwards needs mediators downwards.
transf.1907J. H. Patterson Man-Eaters of Tsavo viii. 87 Lions always begin at the tail of their prey and eat upwards towards the head.
Comb.1844Noad Electricity (ed. 2) 272 The upwards bent platinum wire.
b. = upward adv. 1 b.
c890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 286 Þa færinga locode heo uppweardes,..& ᵹeseah þone hælend þider cuman to hire. c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 38 Nim mid þinum twam handum uppeweardes. c1175Lamb. Hom. 59 Neb upwardes he him [sc. man] wrohte. c1400Pepysian Gosp. Harmony (1922) 70 Jesus..wiþstoode and bihelde hym vpwardes. 1648Hexham ii, Opwaerts sien, to See upwards, or to Looke on high. 1709T. Robinson Vind. Mosaick Syst. 112 Man..hath his Head upwards towards Heaven. 1795–6Wordsw. Borderers ii. 988 Upwards I cast my eyes. 1805― Prelude vii. 200 Behold, turned upwards, a face hard and strong In lineaments. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam v. xlix, She paused, and pointed upwards. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 21 Looking upwards we saw a series of coloured rings.
c. fig. = upward adv. 1 c.
1557in Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 274 Prisoners..of the degree of a Baron, or uppwardes. 1605in Archaeologia (1800) XIII. 321 The lorde who beeinge an earle or upwardes,..is to have..a cloathe of estate. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. v. §33 The army; wherein the tendency is always upwards from lower posts to higher. 1855Poultry Chron. II. 423 The character of the..fowls proves that their progress is upwards in quality.
attrib.1849Robertson Serm. (1863) 160 Not mere change, but true, ever upwards progress.
d. = upward adv. 1 d.
1874Times 1 Jan. 7/6 Coffee.—A strong demand prevails, with few sellers, and the market still tends upwards. 1875Economist 2 Jan. 5/2 Straits tin..after a moderate reaction upwards fell to 92l 5s in August.
2. = upward adv. 2.
1513Douglas æneid viii. ii. 65 Bayth nycht and day ilk man..Can spend in routh..Our slidand fast vpwartis the river. 1538in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 245, I am cumyng upwardes [= to London] as fast as my sekenes will suffre me. 1598W. Phillip tr. Linschoten i. x. 19 First Daman, from thence fifteene miles vpwardes..the towne of Basaün. 1601Hakluyt Galvano 90 From thence vpwards..he went along the coast of the Abassins. 1662R. Venables Exper. Angler x. 99 In small Brooks you may angle upwards. 1801Rusher's Reading Guide 7 The Mail Coaches to and from Bath, Bristol, &c. pass upwards and downwards every night. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 184 We followed this stream upwards. 1893Field 17 June 904/3 For years the labourers have been in the habit of going ‘upwards’—that is, up round London—for mowing and haymaking.
fig.1805Wordsw. Prelude xi. 177 This..Soured and corrupted, upwards to the source, My sentiments.
3. = upward adv. 3.
1548Vicary Anat. vii. (1577) I i, The brode end..[of the heart] is vpwardes, and the sharpe ende is downewardes. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. ii. 71 Shee shall be buried with her face vpwards. 1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 928 The mouthes or passages of their cells are..altogether downward; and they very providently place the bottom of their cels upwards, that [etc.]. 1668Moxon Mech. Dyalling 18 Holding the Center A upwards, so as the Plumb-line play free in the Grove. Ibid. 31 If this Dyal were turned with its Center upwards. 1733Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. 304 The Share, turn'd Bottom upwards. 1839Timperley Dict. Printers 104 He..then puts a quantity of the worked off sheets on it, taking care to have the printed side upwards. 1848Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 228 For the Infinite is upwards, and above The highest thing created—upwards aye. 1875T. Seaton Fret-Cutting 91 Take a set of gouges, stand the largest of the set edge upwards.
b. = upward adv. 3 b. rare—1.
c1400Mandeville (1919) xix. 110 Þerfore make þei the halfondel of ydole of a man vpwardes, & the toþer half of an ox dounwardes.
4. = upward adv. 5.
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 224 These men goe naked from the girdle vpwardes. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 187 They..goe naked from the waste vpwards. 1855Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 106 One genus (Belemnites), very common..among all the secondary rocks, from the lias upwards.
5. upwards of, at or to a higher level than; above.
1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 140 Upwards of this, the hill is well-covered with..turf and heather.
II.
6. a. To a higher aggregate, figure, or the like.
1523in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 221 The goods to paye js of the li. from xxli upwards. 1617Eastland Co. (Camden) 21 Deales from Eighteene foote longe uppwards. Ibid., Greate masts from fifteene hand upwards the peece. 1910Stage Year Bk. 47 First-class hotel accommodation..for two and a half or three guineas a week, upwards.
b. Usu. and upwards, or upwards. Freq. = somewhat more or rather above a specified age, number, value, size, etc. = upward adv. 8 b.
(a)1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 2268/2 Hussy. How old art thou? Eliz. Forty and vpwardes. 1612Sir D. Carleton in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 572 Diverse companies to the number of 700 men and upwards. 1693R. Lyde Acc. Retaking of The Friend's Adventure Title-p., Their Majesties Customs of the said ship amounted to 1,000 l. and upwards. 1717in Nairne Peerage Evidence (1874) 31 Robert Robertson..aged ffifty years and upwards. 1729T. Innes Crit. Essay (1879) 315 Within these last hundred years and upwards. 1818[S. Weston] La Scava 25 Eighty whetstones and upwards..have been found. 1839Timperley Dict. Printers 105 All above 52 Pica ems, upon Small Pica and upwards. 1887Daily Chron. 17 Jan. (Encycl. Dict.), Some of them worth as much as {pstlg}30 and upwards.
(b)1593Tell-Troth's N.Y. Gift A 3, Ioyning..their daughters of twentye yeares olde or vnder, to rich cormorants of threescore or vpwards. 1687Miége Gt. Fr. Dict. ii. s.v., It amounts to ten Pounds, or upwards. 1709Lond. Gaz. No. 45021/2 A Ship of 70 Guns, or upwards. 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. 74 A solution of soda..which contains two per cent. or upwards of alkali. 1861Brit. Postal Guide 1 Jan. 28 Messengers, whose weekly wages..are..8s. or upwards.
c. To later life; = upward adv. 8 a.
1805Wordsw. Prelude viii. 348 Even then, And upwards through late youth, until not less Than two-and-twenty summers had been told. 1851Dixon W. Penn 252 The great idea which he had nursed from his youth upwards. 1874Farrar Christ xv. 166 Might they not have understood that, from childhood upwards, He had not lived by bread alone?
7. Backwards in time; into the past.
a1654Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 69 Some of them are asham'd upwards, because their Ancestors were too great. 1729T. Innes Crit. Essay (1879) 142 [He] pronounced this genealogy..from Fergus, son of Erch, to Fergus, son of Ferchar, and upwards. 1887Skeat Princ. Eng. Etym. I. 52 English should be traced downwards as well as upwards. 1890Grindlestone Foundations of Bible 19 History of the art of writing, from the days of Nehemiah upwards [to the time of Moses].
8. upwards of, (rather) more than; = upward adv. 9.
In frequent use from c 1760.
1721Perry Daggenh. Breach 17 A large Chest or Machine, upwards of eighty Foot long. 1753–4Richardson Grandison III. xvi. 227 He..kept his word till he was upwards of seventy. 1841Borrow Zincali II. xi. iii. 109 Considerably upwards of a century. 1885Law Rep. 29 Chanc. Div. 538 The estate..was found liable for upwards of {pstlg}5,000. 1893J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 321 Upwards of three thousand years ago.
b. Used erron. for: Somewhat less than (a specified amount); nearly, not quite. Chiefly dial.
1902Yorks. Post 28 Feb., Thus ‘upwards of a hundred’ would mean nearly, or well on to a hundred. 1902–in colloquial use, Linc. to Devon (Eng. Dial. Dict.).
†B. prep. Up along the course of; = up prep.2 2. Obs.
1601Hakluyt Galvano 72 He went into Arabia, Persia, and vpwards the riuer Euphrates. |