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hyacinth|ˈhaɪəsɪnθ|
Also 6 hiacinthe, hyacint, 6–7 hiacynth, hyacinthe, 7 hiacint; see also jacinth.
[Ultimately ad. Gr. ὑάκινθος hyacinth (flower and gem), of unknown origin, explained in Greek myth as the name of a youth beloved by Apollo: see sense 2. The earliest forms in English were jacincte, jacynct, jacynth, a. OF. jacincte, mod.F. jacinthe (see jacinth); the more classical form (after L. hyacinthus) was introduced in the 16th c. (so also F. hyacinthe, now antiquated, acc. to Hatz.-Darm.). In modern usage the gem is called jacinth and hyacinth, but the latter is the exclusive form for the flower.]
1. A precious stone.
a. Rendering or representing Gr. ὑάκινθος, L. hyacinthus, ancient name of a precious stone of a blue colour, probably the sapphire.
b. In modern use, a reddish-orange variety of zircon; also applied to varieties of garnet and topaz of similar colour.
[1230, etc. see jacinth.] 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 20 Rubines, Hiacinthes, Saphyres, Topases. 1610B. Jonson Alch. ii. ii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 246/1 Dishes of agate, set in gold, and studded, With emeralds, saphyres, hiacynths, and rubies. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Confection of Hyacinth, is a thin cordial electuary, composed of divers kinds of precious stones, particularly of that whose denomination it bears. 1782–3W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 709 A stone, through which many beautiful hyacinths are..dispersed. 1850J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller's Anc. Art §207 (ed. 2) 199 Claudian describes the court dress of Honorius as sparkling with amethysts and hyacinths. 1879Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. ii. 267 Zircon and hyacinth possess the formula ZrSiO4.
c. Her. In blazoning by precious stones, the name for the colour tenné or tawny.
[1688R. Holme Armoury i. ii. 12/2 Jacynthe.] 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Tenny or Tawney, the Heralds term for a bright Colour, made of Red and Yellow mixed;..in the Coats..of nobles 'tis called Hyacinth.
†d. A blue or purple fabric: = jacinth 1 c. Obs.
1609Bible (Douay) Eccles. xlv. 12 An holie robe, of gold: and hyacinthe [1388 Wyclif iacynct], and purple.
2. A plant.
a. Rendering or representing Gr. ὑάκινθος, L. hyacinthus, a name among the ancients for some flower; according to Ovid a deep red or ‘purple’ lily (? Lilium Martagon), but variously taken by authors as a gladiolus, iris, or larkspur. (See Bubani Flora Virgil. 63.) Now only Hist. or poetic.
In ancient mythology the flower is said to have sprung up from the blood of the slain youth Hyacinthus, and the ancients thought they could decipher on the petals the letters AI, or AIAI, exclamation of grief (cf. Moschus iii. 6, Ovid. Met. x. 211). Hence many literary allusions; also Linnæus's specific name for the Wild Hyacinth or Bluebell, Hyacinthus non-scriptus.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xliii. 202 Of the redde Lillie Ouide wryteth this, that it came of the bloud of the Boy Hyacinthus..And for a perpetuall memorie of the Boy Hyacinthus, Apollo named these floures Hyacinthes. 1595Daniel Sonn. xxxiv, You are changed, but not t' a hyacint; I fear your eye hath turned your heart to flint. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 16 O hyacinths! for ay your ai keep still, Nay, with more marks of woe your leaves now fill. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) III. 220 The hyacinth on whose petals the notes of grief were traced.
b. In modern use, the English name of the genus Hyacinthus (familyt Liliaceæ), consisting of bulbous plants with bell-shaped six-parted flowers, of various colours, usually drooping, arranged in a loose upright spike; esp. H. orientalis, a native of the Levant, of which numerous varieties are cultivated for the beauty and fragrance of their flowers. Also applied, with or without qualification, to various allied plants of similar habit, as species of Scilla, Muscari, etc.
Californian h., the genus Brodiæa. Cape h., a plant of the genus Galtonia, esp. G. candicans; feathered h., Muscari comosum monstrosum. grape h., the genus Muscari, esp. M. botryoides. lily h., Scilla Lilio-Hyacinthus. Missouri h., the genera Brodiæa and Hesperoscordum (Hesperanthus). Peruvian h., Scilla peruviana; Roman h., an early-flowering variety, bred from Hyacinthus orientalis var. albulus. star h., Scilla amœna. starch h., Muscari racemosum. tassel h., Muscari comosum. water h., a name of Pontederia crassipes, a water plant of Florida, etc., with clusters of light-blue or violet flowers. wild or wood h. (of Britain), Scilla nutans (= bluebell 2); (of N. America), Scilla or Camassia Fraseri. (See Treas. Bot. and Miller Plant-n.)
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xlviii. 205 There be two sortes of Hyacinthes, yet ouer and aboue diuers others whiche are also counted Hyacinthes. Ibid. 206 In Englishe also Hyacinthe or Crowtoes. [1629J. Parkinson Parad. xi. 126 The Starry Iacinth of Peru, being thought to have grown in Peru, a Province of the West Indies, but he that gave that name first unto it, eyther knew not his naturall place, or willingly imposed that name, to conceale it, or to make it the better esteemed.] 1659T. Hanmer Garden Bk. (1933) 36 The Branch'd Hyacinths of Peru,..very rare here. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 198 Tuberous Iris, Hyacinth Zeboin. 1673J. Ray Observations Journey Low-Countries 250 In the ditches by the wayside, I observed growing wild..the lesser Grape Hyacinth, and Hepatica. 1728–46Thomson Spring 546 Hyacinths, of purest virgin white. 1731P. Miller Gardener's Dict. s.v. Hyacinthus. The Hyacinth of Peru may also be rais'd from Seeds in the same manner as the common Hyacinths. Ibid., Another Hyacinth..is now preserved in curious Collections of Exotick Plants; it was originally brought from the Cape of Good Hope. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. iii. 353 Beds of Ranunculus, Hyacinth, and Anemonies. 1820Shelley Sensit. Pl. i. vii, The hyacinth, purple, and white, and blue, Which flung from its bells a sweet peal anew. 1851Longfellow Gold. Leg. iv. Convent Hirschau 74 A delicious fragrance..as of hyacinths. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 386 Sheets of hyacinth That seem'd the heavens upbreaking thro' the earth. 1877[see Roman a.1 14 b]. 1882Garden 11 Feb. 90/1 Spare bulbs of Grape Hyacinths..might be naturalised in the Grass. 1897Daily News 30 June 8/1 Sir Herbert Maxwell objects to the southron use of the name bluebells, as applied to the flowers that he prefers to call wood hyacinths. 1897H. J. Webber in Bulletin U.S. Dep. Agric., Bot. No. 18 (title) The Water Hyacinth, and its relation to navigation in Florida. 1911J. Weathers Bulb Bk. 282/1 There is a blue Roman Hyacinth that flowers somewhat later than the white form. 1917L. H. Bailey Stand. Cycl. Hort. VI. 3117/2 [Scilla] Peruviana... Cuban Lily. Peruvian Jacinth. Hyacinth of Peru. Ibid. 3118/1 The Hyacinth of Peru is not hardy in Mass[achusetts]. 1924J. Weathers My Garden Bk. xx. 348/1 Galtonia (after the S. African explorer, Francis Galton). Cape Hyacinth. 1936T. S. Eliot Coll. Poems 127 Lord, the Roman hyacinths are blooming in bowls. 1956A. M. Coats Flowers & their Histories i. 122 The Spire Lily or Cape Hyacinth..is on the other hand not a true hyacinth, although closely related to the family; it has therefore been renamed Galtonia candicans. 1961P. M. Synge Collins Guide to Bulbs 162 The Roman Hyacinths tend to flower among the earliest and the spikes are rather looser and more delicate.
c. fig. (pl.). Hyacinthine locks. (See hyacinthine 1.)
1768Sir W. Jones Solima 5 in Poems, etc. (1777) 1 The fragrant hyacinths of Azza's hair.
d. A purplish blue colour resembling that of a common variety of the flower (see b).
1891Daily News 24 Feb. 5/8 The new spring colour is called ‘hyacinth’ and is exactly that of the purple-blue hyacinth.
3. a. A bird; a kind of water-hen with purple plumage, as the genera Ionornis and Porphyrio. b. A variety of pigeon, characterized by its blue-black colour and white markings.
1855Poultry Chron. III. 9/1 Those pretty spangled Toys..known by various names, as Porcelains, Hyacinths, Ermines, &c. 1879L. Wright Pract. Pigeon Keeper 208 Victorias are simply Hyacinths of a lighter shade. 1935R. Mannering Lyell's Pigeon-Keeping for Amateurs (ed. 4) 107 The Hyacinth is among those breeds which do not reveal their true colouration and markings until after the first moult. 1965W. M. Levi Encycl. Pigeon Breeds 189 The Hyacinth appears to have much in common with the Suabian, and they are probably related.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. as hyacinth-like adj.; hyacinth-glass, a glass vessel for the water-culture of a hyacinth-bulb; hyacinth-stone = sense 1.
1836–9Dickens Sk. Boz ix, The hyacinth-glasses in the parlour-window. a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 61 A price less hyacinth-stone. 1859W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1866) 71 Delicate white blossoms..arrayed in a hyacinth-like form. 1887Pall Mall G. 15 Oct. 11/1 In 1730 the hyacinth trade experienced its greatest prosperity.
b. esp. in reference to the reddish-orange colour of the gem (1 b), or the blue or purple colour of the flower (2).
1694Salmon Bates' Disp. (1713) 381/1 The Odoriferous yellow or Hyacinth Oil. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 29 Hyacinth red—high red with a shade of brown. 1876Ouida Winter City x. 299 The hyacinth-hued hills. 1898Daily News 9 Apr. 6/3 The favourite colour..the hyacinth blue, so called by the milliners, notwithstanding the fact that it is more mauve than blue. |