| 释义 |
▪ I. hut, n.|hʌt|
Also 7–9 hutt.
[First in 17th c.; a. F. hutte (16–17th c. D'Aubigné in Hatz.-Darm., 1611 in Cotgr.), a. MHG., Ger. hütte, OHG. hutta, huttea, hut, perh.:—OTeut. *hudjā, f. root hud-, hūd- of OE. hýdan to hide. A specific HG. word which has passed into LG., Du., and Swedish, as well as the Romanic langs. and Eng.; perh. as a word of the camp: cf. sense 1 b.]
1. a. A dwelling of ruder and meaner construction and (usually) smaller size than a house, often of branches, turf, or mud, such as is inhabited in primitive societies, or constructed for temporary use by shepherds, workmen, or travellers. In Australia, applied to the cottages of stock-men: cf. hut-keeper in 4.
1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 100 A small hutt of fern or straw. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 327 Hut, a small Hovel or Cottage. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. ii. 16 The next night came on before we could build more Hutts, so we lay straggling in the Woods. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Abbé Conti 1 Apr., Their houses are nothing but little huts, raised of dirt baked in the sun. 1726–46Thomson Winter 337 How many shrink into the sordid hut Of cheerless Poverty! 1775Johnson Journ. West. Isl., Ostig Wks. X. 439 By a house I mean a building with one story over another: by a hut, a dwelling with only one floor. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 219 They proceeded until they came to some Indian huts. 1844Port Phillip Patriot 11 July 1/3 At head station are a three⁓roomed hut, large kitchen, wool shed [etc.]. 1893Bookman June 86/1 Dining off black bread..in a Swiss peasant's hut.
b. Milit. A wooden structure for the temporary housing of troops. (App. the earlier use.)
1545State Papers, Hen. VIII X. 609 The French armey..having broken up their campe and brent all their huittes, removed..towardes Arde. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 120 Within the Fort are many small houses or huts which lodge the Souldiers. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. §63 Above a thousand Deal-boards, to make huts for the Soldiers. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Barack, is an Hutt like a little Cottage, for Soldiers to lie in, in the Camp: Formerly those for the Horse were called Baracks, and those for the Foot Hutts. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Hut,..a Soldier's Lodge in the Field. 1882J. H. Ewing Story Short Life ii, The huts for married men and officers were of varying degrees of comfort and homeliness, but those for single men were like toy-boxes of wooden soldiers.
†c. A beaver's ‘lodge’. Obs.
1722D. Coxe Carolina 48 Most Parts of North-America have Beavours; you shall scarce meet with a Lake, where there are not some of their Dams and Hutts.
†2. transf. The shell of a tortoise. Obs.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 122 The Tortoise..the Neck reaching as far as the Hut, soft and undefensible. Ibid. Index Explanatory, Callipat, the Hut of the Tortoise.
3. The back end or body of the breech-pin of a musket.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Hutt, the breech-pin of a gun. 1868Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. cxiii. Sched. B, The Barrels..shall be smoothed in the finished State, with the Breeches in the percussioned State, Huts filed up.
4. attrib. and Comb., as hut-building, hut-circle, hut-door, hut-life, hut-tax, hut-village; hut-shaped adj.; hut circle Archæol., a circle of earth or stones indicating the circumference of a previously existing hut; hut-hold, the inmates of a hut; so hut-holder, the occupant of a hut (after household, -er); hut-keeper, one who keeps or guards a hut; esp., in Australia, one who looks after the huts on a station while the occupants are away at work; hence hut-keep v., hut-keeping vbl. n.; hut-shooter, one who shoots from a hut; hut-urn, a cinerary urn of the shape of a hut.
1807P. Gass Jrnl. 174 We continued at our *hut-building.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times 63 There are..other remains of great interest, such, for example, as..the ‘*Hut-circles’. 1913Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 205 The district is rich in prehistoric remains, including some hut circles. 1963W. F. Grimes in Foster & Alcock Culture & Environment v. 105 There is the likelihood of confusion with hut-circles or barrow-rings, or even with small defensive earthworks.
1906Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 13 He went back to the fire, drawing the *hut-door close.
1866Carlyle Remin. (1881) I. 126 Boatman and *huthold were in bed.
1886Belgravia Feb. 417 Each *hutholder..sweeps up and burns all the débris that may have accumulated during the day.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 112 We made for a group of *hut-homesteads and chatted with the inhabitants.
1865S. Sidney Three Colonies Australia (ed. 2) 380 (Morris) At every other station I have called at, a woman ‘*hut-keeps’, while the husband is minding the sheep.
1794G. Thompson Slavery & Famine (1947) 37 The women [convicts] have a more comfortable life than the men; those who are not fortunate enough to be selected for wives..are made *hut-keepers. 1802Barrington Hist. N.S. Wales x. 390 Hut-keepers to remain at home and prevent robbery, while the other inhabitants of the hut were at labour. 1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling xi. 98 In the early days in Australia..they used to have shepherds..men living out in lonely huts twenty miles back on the run, generally with a hutkeeper to mind their little log ‘humpy’.
1890Melbourne Argus 14 June 4/2 Did I go *hutkeeping? Did you ever know a hutkeeper cook for sixty shearers?
1882J. H. Ewing Story Short Life ii, Simple and sociable ways of living, necessitated by *hut-life in common.
1857Birch Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 145 The old *hut-shaped vases of the Alban lake.
1855J. W. Colenso Ten Weeks in Natal p. xxviii, This *hut-tax was first sanctioned by Earl Grey in 1848. 1884Nonconf. & Indep. 28 Feb. 213/2 The cost..being defrayed by a hut-tax. 1935G. Greene Basement Room 120 Chief say no white man been here long time..since he pay hut tax. 1969Tanzania Notes & Records July 10 Every adult male native not liable to hut-tax..had to pay 1–3 rupees a year.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times ii. (1878) 53 ‘*Hut-urns’..or urns in the form of huts.
▪ II. hut, v.|hʌt|
[a. F. hutter refl., to make a hut for one's lodging, f. hutte: see prec. n.]
1. trans. To place in a hut or huts; to furnish with a hut or huts; to place (troops, etc.) in huts, esp. for winter quarters.
1652Sir C. Cotterell Cassandra iii. iii. (1676) 272 Souldiers, who made an end of hutting themselves. 1758Smollett Hist. Eng. (1841) III. xxvi. 300 They were obliged to hut their camp, and remain in the open fields till January. 1834Blackw. Mag. XXXV. 758 We might have..been hutted..in some deplorable inn. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xviii. xiv. VIII. 63 He makes his people hut themselves (weather wet and bad). 1879Dixon Brit. Cyprus xiii. 124 Some of the men are hutted, but the officers are still in tents. 1894J. Winsor Cartier to Frontenac 288 In the neighborhood there were a few New England Indians hutted for the winter.
b. trans. ‘To put up (grain) in the field in a small stack’ (Jam.).
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) II. 286 The hutting of grain in the field is mostly had recourse to in late wet harvests. Ibid. 794 Gaiting and hutting corn.
2. intr. To lodge or take shelter in a hut or huts; to go into winter quarters.
1807Wilkinson in Pike Sources Mississ. ii. (1810) App. 29 The men solicited me to hut. 1849Sir C. J. Napier in Life (1859) 148 Gough may hut, yet that will hardly do I fear. 1881Mem. G. Thomson ix. 126 At the end of the hamlet where we hutted, I observed a neat little fence.
Hence ˈhutting vbl. n.
1805[see 1 b]. 1869E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 526 Not merely trench work, but hutting, cooking, washing. 1898Daily News 14 Mar. 5/6 The troops are engaged in hutting with grass from the west bank. 1937Discovery Mar. 70/1 The irregularities of the hutting area. 1945W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 108 Full hutting..is nearing completion.
▪ III. hut, int.|hʌt|
A call to a horse (see quots.).
1856N. & Q. 2nd Ser. I. 395 When a horse forgets what he is doing, and becomes careless, he is reminded of his duty by a sharp hut. 1899Pall Mall Mag. Feb. 262 ‘Hut, you beast!’ he added, as Englishmen do, when the mare nuzzled into his neck.
▪ IV. hut
obs. 3rd sing. pres. ind. of hide v.1
▪ V. hut(t
see hot n.1 3, a roll for a cock's spur. |