| 释义 |
husting|ˈhʌstɪŋ|
Usually in pl. hustings. Forms: 1, 3 (9 Hist.) husting, 3 -eng(e; pl. 3–4 hustingis, 6 -es, hoysting(e)s, 6–7 hoistings, 5– hustings.
[OE. hústing, a. ON. hús-þing, house-assembly, a council held by a king, earl, or other leader, and attended by his immediate followers, retainers, etc., in distinction from the ordinary þing or general assembly of the people (the OE. folcᵹemót, folkmoot).
The t is probably due to weakening of the stress on the second syllable; cf. nostril from older nos-þril. The change may conceivably have already taken place in Danish, as in ON. estu for es þu.
The form hoistings found in 16–17th c. may have been due to association with hoist v.; but there is no evidence that the word was taken to mean ‘platform’ before 1682; Blount (1656), who suggests a derivation from F. haulser (hausser) to raise, does so on the ground that it is ‘the principal and highest court in London’.]
* In form husting.
1. An assembly for deliberative purposes, esp. one summoned by a king or other leader; a council. rare (in general sense). Obs. exc. Hist.
a1030O.E. Chron. (MS. C) an. 1012 Hi [the Danes] ᵹenamon þa ðone biscop [ælfeah], læddon hine to hiora hustinge [Laud MS. heora hustinga]. c1205Lay. 4766 Belin in Euerewic huld eorlene husting. Ibid. 11544 Octaues ure king i Lundene heold his husting. Þat hustinge was god; hit wes witene-imot. Ibid. 12988 Þa comen to Lundenne al þis leodisce folc to heore hustinge [c 1275 to one speking]. 1861Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 149 ælfeg..proceeded to preach to the hus-ting. 1864Kingsley Rom. & Teut. viii. (1875) 202 They might drag him out into their husting, and threaten him with torture.
** In form husting, pl. hustings.
2. A court held in the Guildhall of London by the Lord Mayor, Recorder, and Sheriffs (or Aldermen), long the supreme court of the city.
The early history of this is in many points obscure. The mention of ‘husting's weight’ in the charter of Cnut (see 5) suggests that the husting had already then become a permanent institution for the transaction of civic business.
The Hustings or Court of Hustings was formerly a court of common pleas, of probate, of appeal against decisions of the sheriffs, a court of record for the formal conveyance of property, etc.; but it is now convoked only for the purpose of considering and registering gifts made to the City. In the Calendar for 1898 ‘Hustings’ were set down for 31 Tuesdays during the year, although there had been only one meeting since 1885.
(α) singular husting. Obs. exc. Hist.
c1100Carta civibus London. §9 in Schmid Gesetze 435 Et amplius non sit miskenninga in hustenge, neque in folkes⁓mote..Et husting sedeat semel in ebdomada, videlicet die lunæ. c1140Docmt. of Sale in Spelman Gloss. s.v., Wlfnothus de Walebroc de London vendidit..quandam suam terram..coram omni Hustingo de London, in domo Alfwini. 12..Lois de la cite de Lond. (B.M. Addit. MS. 14252) (Godef.), En la cort le rei, ço est a saveir el husteng. 1237in A. Thierry Mon. inéd. du Tiers Etat I. 805 (ibid.) Donné en pleyn hustenge de Londres, devant Andreu Bekerel, adonk meyre de Londres. 1289–90in Madox Hist. Exch. xx. 553 Rex..vult quod Scaccarium suum usque Hustengum Londoniæ transferatur. 1368Charter in Madox Formul. Angl. (1702) 200 In pleno Hustengo Londoniæ de Communibus placitis. [1865Kingsley Herew. xx, We will give you your lands in full husting. 1888Athenæum 27 Oct., Session of the Court of Husting.]
(β) plural hustings in same sense as the sing.
c1462Plumpton Corr. 5 He haith taken his exigi facias de novo & is with us called in the hustings. 1494Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 21 §2 The Hustynges of London holden for Comen Plees before the Maire and Aldermen. 1513More Rich. III Wks. 61/1 In the east ende of the hall where the maire kepeth the hustinges [1568 Grafton, where the hoystinges be kept]. 1613Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 349 In London, where their hustings are as the Countie Courts. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Inrolment, Entring of any Lawful Act in the Rolls of the Chancery..or in the Hustings of London, or by the Clerk of the Peace in any County. 1707J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. iii. xi. 355 The highest and most ancient Court, is that called the Hustings..which doth preserve the Laws, Rights, Franchises, and Customs of the City. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. vi. (1809) 89 note, The sheriffs' courts..from which a writ of error lies to the court of hustings, before the mayor, recorder, and sheriffs. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 206 Enrolled in the court of hustings. 1863H. Cox Instit. ii. xi. 585 The Hustings is the supreme Court of London. 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 125 An alien was to be admitted to the freedom only at the Hustings.
fig.1883Standard 24 Sept. 5/2 Determined to have their differences out while science is in full hustings.
†b. According to Cowell, a similar court anciently held in other cities: but it is doubtful whether this is the meaning of the passage in Fleta. For a hustings court, curia hustengorum, in Oxford, see Wood's Life and Times (O.H.S.) IV. 183-4.
1607Cowell Interpr., Hustings,..Other Cities and towns also haue had a court of the same name, as Winchester, Lincolne, Yorke, and Sheppey, and others [Fleta ii. lv, Habet etiam Rex curiam suam in civitatibus..et locis..sicut in Hustengis Londoñ Wintoñ Lincolñ Ebor' & apud Shepey & alibi], where the Barons or Citizens haue a record of such things as are determinable before them.
*** In form hustings, now usually constr. as sing.
†3. The upper end of the Guildhall, where this Court was held; the platform on which the Mayor and Aldermen took their seats. Obs.
[1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1738/3 The Common-Hall met..where the Lord Mayor and Aldermen being come down to the Hustings, etc.] a1734North Exam. iii. viii. §22 (1740) 598 When..the Lord-Mayor and Court of Aldermen are come upon the Suggestum, called the Hustings [etc.]. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 603 The royal family returned into the hall, and were conducted to the upper end of it, called the Hustings; where a table was provided for them.
4. The temporary platform from which, previous to the Ballot Act of 1872, the nomination of candidates for Parliament was made, and on which these stood while addressing the electors. Hence, contextually, the proceedings at a parliamentary election.
1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) II. 242 What tricks on the Hustings Fanatics would play. 1774Burke Sp. Electors Bristol Wks. III. 14, I stood on the hustings..less like a candidate, than an unconcerned spectator of a publick proceeding. 1796Coleridge Lett. (1895) 164 In the market place stands the hustings. 1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. vi. (1872) 204 One thing the stupidest multitude at a hustings can do. 1850H. Martineau Hist. Peace II. v. ii. 231 The Church question was the leading one on the hustings. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 23 An unpopular candidate had frequently to beat a hasty retreat from the hustings.
5. attrib., as husting-court, husting-day; hustings-cry, husting-movement, husting-orator, husting-topic; hustings court = sense 2; also, a court of local jurisdiction in Richmond and other cities of Virginia, U.S.; hustings-weight (in OE. hustinges ᵹewiht), a standard weight for precious metals in the 11th c. (cf. hustinum pondus in Du Cange).
[c1000in Thorpe Dipl. Angl. ævi Sax. (1865) 533 Duos cyphos argenteos de xij marcis ad pondus Hustingie Londonensis.] 1032Charter of Cnut in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 37 Mid hundeahtiᵹum marcan hwites seolfres be hustinges ᵹewihte. 1598Stow Surv. v. xxvii. (1754) II. 467/1 Troy weight, was, in the time of the Saxons called the Hustings-weight of London. 1671F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 281 Some Courts or Husting dayes. 1675Ogilby Brit. Introd. 4 The High and Antient Hustings-Court for Preservation of the Laws. 1837Disraeli Let. 21 Nov. in Corr. w. Sister (1886) 75 A second-rate hustings orator. 1844― Coningsby ii. i, The hustings-cry at the end of 1832. 1889Academy 1 June 374/3 A husting court was held in 1885, and again in 1888 [for the enrolment of deeds relating to benefactions to the City of London School]. 1898E. W. James Let. to Editor, In Richmond and other cities the Corporation Courts, frequently called Hustings Courts, exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction. The Hustings Court of Richmond has appellate jurisdiction in small civil matters coming from the police courts or justices' courts. |