| 释义 |
hussar, n.|hʊˈzɑː(r)|
Also 6 hussayre, -are, 7 husare, (vs(s)aron).
[a. Hungarian huszar, orig. ‘freebooter, free-lance’, later ‘light horseman’, ad. OServian husar, also gusar, hursar, gursar, kursar pirate, robber, freebooter, ad. It. corsaro, corsare, corsair.
In the time of King Matthias Hunyady, in the second half of the 15th century, the word became applied to the Hungarian light horsemen, in which application it became known and used in the Western European languages: cf. Pol., Ger. husar, F. hussard, in 18th c. houssard, housard.
In a Latin deed of armistice c 1450, mention is made of ‘prædones aut Hwzarij hungari’, and in other Latin documents of the 15th c. they are called huzarones, hussarones after prædones), whence occasionally vs(s)arons in English. (Before the history was known, the word was fancifully derived from Magyar husz twenty: see Magyar Nyelvör (Budapest) VI. 24, and Miklosich.)]
1. a. One of a body of light horsemen organized in Hungary in the 15th c., and long confined to the Hungarian army; hence, the name of light cavalry regiments formed in imitation of these, which were subsequently introduced, and still exist, in most European armies, including that of Great Britain.
The dress of the Hungarian force set the type for that of the hussars of other nations, these being distinguished by uniforms of brilliant colours and elaborate ornament, two special characteristics being the dolman and busby (the former of which is now abandoned in the British army).
1532R. Copland Vict. agst. Turks in Ames' Typogr. Antiq. (1816) III. 117 The capitayn generall..came..into y⊇ towne..with..xv. hondred hussayres, lyght horses. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 269 The horsmen of Hongary are commonly called Hussares, an exceadyng rauenous and cruell kynde of men. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1610) 739 Hungarian horsemen, such as in time of peace liued by robbing, and are by an infamous name called ‘Vsarons’. 1656–9B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 321 The Bashaw himself..being pursued by a Hussar, was taken hold of by him. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2349/3 The Regiment of Hussars, which the Elector of Bavaria resolved to raise..is now compleat: They are cloathed in Red, having Caps with Feathers on their Heads, and Wolfs Skins on their left Shoulders. 1711Vind. Sacheverell 20 He appears to me more like a forraging Hussar. 1799Campbell Pleas. Hope i. 352 Her whisker'd pandoors and her fierce hussars. 1802–16C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., There are also several regiments of hussars in the British service. 1847G. R. Gleig Waterloo ii. xxiv, The bold front presented by Vivian's hussars. 1851Gallenga Italy 471 Squadrons of hussars and Hulans were scouring the plain in every direction.
b. Black Hussar or Death Hussar, one of the ‘Black Brunswickers’ (hussars with black uniform) who, in the war with France, 1809–13, neither gave nor received quarter; hence fig.
1815Sir C. Bell Let. to G. J. Bell 2 July in Lockhart Scott, This was a Brunswicker, of the Black or Death Hussars. 1816Scott Let. to Jas. Ballantyne ibid., I belong to the Black Hussars of Literature, who neither give nor receive criticism.
2. transf. and fig. A skirmisher; a free-lance in literature or debate.
1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 473 Your infinitely-infinite monades in infinitely-never single bodies..cannot get the better even of my light armature, my skipping scampering hussars. 1800A. Carlyle Autobiog. 432 He was a mere hussar, who had no steady views to direct him.
3. attrib. and Comb., as hussar blue, hussar boot, hussar broth, hussar cap, hussar jacket, hussar livery, hussar regiment, hussar saddle, hussar waistcoat, hussar war, etc.; hussar-like adj. and adv.
1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xi. (1760) I. 67 An Hussar waist-coat, scarlet breeches. 1762Sterne Tr. Shandy VI. xi, Hussar-like, they skirmish lightly and out of all order. 1774J. Collier Mus. Trav. (1775) 60 A pair of hussar boots laced at the seams. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales II. 211 He wore a deep green hussar jacket. 1846Knickerbocker XXVII. 287 [He had] a smart hussar cap of green chestnut burrs. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 521 Hussar saddle, with holsters and furniture. 1854B. F. Taylor Jan. & June 85 Hens with hussar caps. 1861G. J. Whyte-Melville Tilbury Nogo 189 ‘Hussar broth’, red herrings fried in gin. 1895Sir E. Wood Cavalry Waterloo Campaign iv. 81 The Brunswick Hussar regiment was now ordered forward from Quatre Bras. 1896Daily News 10 Oct. 6/3 Hussar blue is in much demand.
Hence (nonce-wds.) huˈssar v. intr., to carry on light warfare like a hussar. hussared |hʊˈzɑːd| a., made or ornamented like that of a hussar. |