| 释义 |
▪ I. huff, v.|hʌf|
[Huff vb. and n. appear late in the 16th c.; the vb. being somewhat the earlier. The formation was evidently imitative of the sound of a blast of air through an orifice: cf. the earlier use of huff int., and the parallel puff.
In Preston's Cambyses (c 1570), Huff, Ruff, and Snuff are the names of three ruffians; connected possibly with sense 4 of the vb., 3, 4 of the n. See also huff-snuff. huff-nosed appears to be an early derivative.]
†1. intr. To blow, puff. Obs. exc. dial. and in phr. to huff and puff (in some contexts not distinguishable from sense 4).
1583Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 86 Too se in what quarter yt huffeth: How stands thee wind blast..he marcketh. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie, Ld. Chandos 83 So æolus huffs, so billowes big arise. 1624Middleton Game at Chess iv. ii, My conscience is becalm'd rather. I'm sure there is a whirlwind huffs in mine, sir. 1706De Foe Jure Div. i. 9 His stormy Godship [æolus] Huffs about the Skies With Two and Thirty pointed Deities. 1881Isle of Wight Gloss., Hough, to breathe hard. ‘Gwine up⁓hill makes me huff.’ 1890J. Jacobs Eng. Fairy Tales xiv. 69 Then I'll huff, and I'll puff, and I'll blow your house in. 1959Times 11 Nov. 13/6 But it would be unrealistic to think that by huffing and puffing at him..the General can be made to change his mind. 1963Guardian 1 Oct. 8/6 Mr. Liukov may huff and puff..about pernicious Western influences..but the Bulgarians..are discovering..a sense of humour. 1967Listener 13 July 57/2 Sarah [Churchill] herself never mastered the techniques of politics; she huffed and she puffed but at the end of it all few houses had been blown down. 1971Daily Tel. 13 Jan. 1 Ministers were undisturbed by all the huffing and puffing against the Industrial Relations Bill at the Albert Hall last night.
†2. trans. To blow; esp. to blow or puff up; to inflate, cause to swell; to raise or erect by inflating or the like. Also fig. Obs. Cf. huff-cap.
1601Holland Pliny I. 39 The said winde within the earth, able to huffe vp the ground. 1613Sylvester Elegie Sir M. D. Hill 138 Lest I, Too-puft with knowledge, should be huft too-hie. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, ccxcviii, Barmye Brains huffs vp the rotten Paist Made apt to mould. 1670Covel Diary (Hakluyt Soc.) 256 A sheet of fire, which..huft my hat and vest like a mighty gust of wind. 1677Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 77 Huffing them up with a confidence that they are above the temptation. 1718F. Hutchinson Witchcraft 9 They can huff up their Bellies, that they may seem much swell'd. 1719D'Urfey Pills V. 269, I Will that Butchers Huff their Meat.
†3.
a. intr. To swell, swell up. Obs. exc. dial.
1656W. D. Gate Lang. Unl. xxiii. §285 A wart, a wen..a bunch huffing up. 1670–98R. Lassels Voy. Italy II. 117 A world of shirt huffing about his wrist. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 168 They huff and swell, Like Pilferers full of what they steal. 1693Sir T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 79 Cochinele..being held..in the Flame of a Candle..huffs and swells. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Huff, to become swollen and puffy, as the flesh where a blow has been received.
†b. To effervesce. Obs.
1707Sloane Jamaica I. p. xxviii, Syder, Beer, and Ale do not keep well here; they huff and fly in this strange climate.
†4. intr. To puff or swell with pride or arrogance; to speak arrogantly or insolently; to storm, bluster, ‘talk big’; to ‘bluff’. Also to huff it. to huff and ding: see ding v. 5. Obs.
1591Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 238 The burger⁓meister..hufft therat, saienge they would pass with their shippinge in spight of the Quen of Englands power. 1598Florio, Scorrubbiare, to chafe..to huffe and snuffe. 1677Govt. Venice 300 After they had baul'd and huffed a good while one against another, they fell at length to Cuffs. 1678R. L'Estrange Seneca's Mor. (1702) 257 A Man may..Huff it out, and yet be rotten at Heart. 1682Bunyan Holy War 109 He refused, and huffed as well as he could, but in heart he was afraid. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) VI. 249 The Pedlar began to huff, And said his Measure was good. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. (1740) 264 He..walked about well-dressed, huffing and swaggering.
5. intr. To swell with anger or irritation; to get out of temper, take offence. Also † to huff it.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. ii, And still you huffe it, with a kind of carriage As void of wit, as of humanitie. 1611Coryat's Crudities Panegyr. Verses, For which let not our carping Criticks huff. 1678Rymer Tragedies 12 Did ever man huff with such a parenthesis? a1703Burkitt On N.T., Acts viii. 31 Some would have huffed at it as a rude affront. 1840Marryat Olla Podr. (Rtldg.) 323 The..woman has huffed, and won't trust me.
6. a. trans. To hector, bully; to scold, chide, storm at. (Cf. mod. colloq. ‘to blow up’.)
1674S. Vincent Yng. Gallant's Acad. 79 If he cannot have as much as he demands, presently huffs the good⁓natured man his Father. 1741Richardson Pamela I. 144 And she has huffed poor Mr. Williams all to-pieces for pleading for me. a1784Mrs. Piozzi in Boswell Johnson (1848) 160/2 note, I asked him, if he ever huffed his wife about his dinner? 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall (1845) 60 Quarrelling with his bread and butter and huffing the waiter. 1862Mrs. Sewell Patience Hart xxii. 151 It seemed no use to huff him; he only got the bolder.
b. To drive to, into, off, do out of, etc. by huffing or hectoring.
1681in Select. fr. Harl. Misc. (1793) 461 They can huff and over-awe him to things most opposite to his judgment. 1685H. More Paralip. Prophet. 370 As for that gross Arianism..it was hufft off the Stage betimes. 1692Sir T. P. Blount Ess. 150 No man cares to be Huff'd and Hector'd out of it. 1709Mrs. Manley Secr. Mem. (1736) IV. 215 If..Cæsar [was to be] huffed into Compliance!
c. To treat with arrogance or contempt.
1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle v. ii, You shall be hufft and cufft, and flip'd and kick'd, Sirra, if you talk of private Rooms. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 88 How huff'd, and cuff'd, and disrespeckit! 1859J. C. Fairbairn Hymns & Poems 92 Alcmena's son advanced, the beast in scorn Huffed the uplifted club and brandished spear. 1882Spurgeon Serm. XXVIII. 123 Pilate had huffed it off with the pert question [etc.].
7. To offend the dignity of, as by discourtesy or want of attention; to cause to take offence, put into a huff. Chiefly in passive.
1793M. Rishton Let. 12 Aug. in F. Burney Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) II. 185, I am a horrid Coward and get huffed every time we drive out. 1800Aurora (Philadelphia) 18 Dec. (Th.), The Philadelphia Gazette is huffed at our stating a fact. 1814F. Burney Wanderer III. 190 Which huffed me a little, I own. 1825Brockett, Huff, to offend. ‘She's easily huffed.’ 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. iv. x. I. 495 Serene Highness of Heidelberg was much huffed; Kaiser dreadfully so. 1864M. Eyre Lady's Walks S. France xvii. (1865) 193 She felt huffed at my supposing anything so vulgar. 1887Times 31 Aug. 5/1 The Prince contrived to huff M. Stambouloff in his second interview with him. 1906J. M. Synge Lett. to Molly (1971) 50 Dont imagine I'm huffed or anything, little heart, I'm only weary. 1969Listener 17 Apr. 535/2, I don't know whether to be huffed or pleased about it.
8. Draughts. To remove (an opponent's man) from the board as a forfeit for deliberately or neglectfully failing to take with it a piece that is en prise. The removal was (and is still sometimes) marked by blowing on the piece. (Called in Sc. to blaw or blow, in Ger. blasen, F. souffler une dame.)
R. Holme uses ‘huff’ for the taking of the men at draughts in the ordinary progress of the game; Halliwell has also ‘In Chess, to remove a conquered man from the board’. Evidence for these uses has not been found, but Du. blazen ‘to blow’ is used in chess, draughts and backgammon.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 264/2 If a Man [at Draughts] may leap over his Adversaries Man's Head to a Void square, that Man is Huffed, that is he taken up as a slain Man. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., At..Draughts to Huff is to take up and blow off a Man, that the Adversary by oversight let slip from taking another. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 74 You may decline huffing an adversary's piece. 1857Chambers' Inform. People II. 710/2 If a player omit to take a man when it is in his power to do so, his adversary can huff or blow him—that is, either take the man, or insist upon his own being taken.
9. slang. (See quot.)
1832Examiner 845/1 Johnson huffed, as it is called, the murdered man; that is, threw his arms over his victim's shoulders, and took the money from his pockets..Johnson huffed and Fare robbed the deceased.
†10. To scare away by calling huff! [huff int.]
1621Ainsworth Annot. Gen. (1639) 58 The fowles came downe upon the carkeises: and Abraham huffed them away. 1650Trapp Comm. Gen. xv. 10 The fowls that came down upon them..Abrams huffing of them away.
11. Mil. slang. To kill.
1919Athenæum 23 May 360/2 Unmitigated slang, like..‘to huff’ for ‘to kill’. 1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 122 To be huffed, to be killed. 1933Partridge Words, Words, Words! iii. 197 The English synonyms for death..huffed; out of mess, dead.
Hence huffed ppl. a.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 949 Thy huff'd, puff'd, painted, curl'd, purl'd, wanton Pride. 1871Daily News 21 Sept., The Generals who blunder..should be scored off and placed aside, like the huffed pieces of the draftboard.
▸ trans. Chiefly U.S. (orig. slang). To inhale the fumes from (a volatile substance, an aerosol, etc.) deliberately, in order to become intoxicated. Also intr.
Typically the substance used as an intoxicant is a common, legal, household product.
1970Crime in Amer.: Youth Gang Warfare (U.S. House Select Comm. on Crime) 128 These boys are now huffing lacquer thinner and the older members..sell this to boys for $1 a quart. 1989M. Dorris Broken Cord ix. 138 They stole. They huffed. They didn't report to their parole officer. 1991D. Gaines Teenage Wasteland i. 21 Two more burnouts huffing octane in garage {hash}74. 2002Washington Post (Electronic ed.) 22 Mar. b5 Parents who catch their children huffing tend not to call authorities, inhalant-awareness advocates say. 2005Toronto Sun (Nexis) 20 Jan. 5 In Toronto schools, 3% of students said they had tried huffing glue..and 8% had tried other inhalants.
▪ II. huff, n.|hʌf|
[See huff v.]
†1. A puff of wind; a slight blast. Obs. exc. in phr. huff and puff (in some contexts influenced by sense 2).
1600Maides Metam. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. I. 126 This takes fier like touch powder, and goes off with a huffe. 1668H. More Div. Dial. v. xxix. (1713) 496 An Huff of Phancy, which ignorant giddy Men may call the Spirit. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Pigeon, The little huff of wind thrown in from the Powter [pigeon] gives them heat and mirth. 1961John o' London's 9 Nov. 517/3 Nor do I really fancy Papermac's huff-and-puff. 1962Listener 19 July 112/2 It seems a pity that this new era in telecommunications should be accompanied by an international huff-and-puff over priorities which at its worst comes perilously near to sub-lunar soap-opera. 1966Listener 26 May 772/3 Even Ernesto is essentially a pallid version of those huff-and-puff baritones of Donizettian melodrama. 1967G. Sims Last Best Friend ix. 82 ‘—ing old woman,’ Spiegl said. ‘All huff and puff.’ 1973Times 16 Mar. 14/4 We are going through a period of a great deal of huff and puff generated by consumer organizations.
fig.1679Dryden Troilus Pref., If they be in a calm, 'tis in vain for him to be in a huff.
2. a. A gust or sudden swell of anger or arrogance.
1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 47 Some of the ministers of Spaine in the huffe of their pride have not beene able to hold in. a1716South Serm. (1737) VII. xii. (R.), An anger that is but as the spleen of a wasp, a short phester and huff of passion. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. vi. ii. II. 15 Early in the Spring, a difficult huff of quarrel..had fallen⁓out with his neighbour of Saxony.
b. A fit of petulance or offended dignity caused by an affront, real or supposed; esp. in phr. in a huff, to take huff.
(The quots. before 1757 are doubtful and may belong to prec.: this sense is not in J.)
[1684Roxb. Ball. (1886) VI. 171 Jockey he wondred at Moggie's strange huff; But Moggy was jealous, and that was enough. 1694De la Pryme Diary (Surtees) 45 Upon which, in a great huff, he left the college.] 1757Washington Lett. Writ. 1889 I. 426 Every petty person must..be caressed or otherwise takes huff, thinks his merit and wisdom slighted. 1778F. Burney Evelina xxiv, She went out of the room quite in a huff. 1836T. Hook G. Gurney I. 4 Sir Charles having taken huff at my not being named after him. 1855Browning Fra Lippo 338 You'll not mistake an idle word Spoke in a huff by a poor monk. 1869C. Gibbon R. Gray xxxi, I wish..I hadna been sae ready to take the huff at him on Saturday.
†c. (?) A hectoring, a bullying. Obs.
1773N. Frowde Life etc. 13 Many a sour Look from my Uncle, and many a Huff and Blow from his Wife.
†3. Inflated opinion of oneself, and its display; arrogance, bluster, bounce, brag. Obs.
1611Cotgr, Palmer les cheveux des orgueilleux, to quell or abate, the huffe of the prowd. 1658J. Harrington Prerog. Pop. Govt. (1700) 231 Away with..this huff of Wisdom maintain'd by making faces. 1694R. L'Estrange Fables cxviii. (1714) 135 A Spaniard was Wonderfully upon the Huff about his Extraction. 1697Creech Manilius ii. 73 The School's simplicity, the Court's Address, The Souldier's Huff.
†4. One puffed up with conceit of his own importance, valour, etc.; one who blusters or swaggers; a hector, a bully. Obs.
1667South Serm. (1823) I. 374 A company of lewd, shallow brain'd huffs. 1674S. Vincent Yng. Gallant's Acad. 91 No man is Valianter than our Huff in civil Company, and where he thinks no danger may come of it. 1678Advice to Soldier in Harl. Misc. I. 479 To receive the laws of honour from the hectors and huffs of the town. 1700T. Brown tr. Fresny's Amusem. Ser. & Com. 130 Every Silly Huff [is call'd] a Captain. 1713Darrell Gentlem. Instructed Suppl. to 1st Pt. viii. §6. 91 This young Huff commanded a Sergeant to pay him Respect.
†5. A puffing up or artificial raising. Obs.
1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & C. 51 A better purchase than the Italian huffe of the shoulder [cf. huff-shoulders in 9].
6. local. (See quots.)
1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Huff, light paste enclosing fruit or meat whilst stewing, so called from its huffing or puffing up in the operation. Generally made with yeast. Glouc. 1890Gloucester Gloss., Huff, light pastry, or pie crust.
7. Draughts. An act of ‘huffing’: see prec. 8.
1870Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Draughts 110 The act of ‘huffing’ is not reckoned as a move; a ‘huff and a move’ go together. Ibid., It is called ‘standing the huff’ when a player instead of taking the man which is en prise, makes some other move. 1893Northumb. Gloss. s.v., A huff is still accompanied by a blow on the piece.
8. = huff-cap B. 1. dial.
1790Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2), Huff, in Wiltshire it signifies strong beer. 1866R. B. Mansfield School Life Winchester Coll. 180 (Farmer) Washed down by libations of huff. 1891Wrench Winchester Word-bk., Huff, the strong beer brewed in College.
9. Comb. † huff-cod, a kind of pea, ? one with a swollen pod; † huff-gale, a strong wind; † huff-shoulders, elevated shoulders (cf. 5); so † huff-shouldered a., having such shoulders.
c1680Enquiries 2/2 The Rose Pea, the Horn Pea, large *Huffcods.
1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 110 Too stay for a better passadge, for a prosperus *hufgale.
1650Bulwer Anthropomet. xvi. 162 In the Island Tapobrana, High *huff-shoulders are in fashion.
1590[Tarlton] News Purgat. (1844) 119 *Huffe shouldred and of a wrinckled visage. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 21 Rough and huf-shouldred.
▪ III. † huff, a. rare.
[perh. for huft, huffed, f. huff v.]
Offended, out of temper; huffed.
1714C. Johnson Country Lasses v. i, This little huff-bluff Hector will let no body lie with your family but himself. 1727–38Gay Fables ii. i. 87 Reynard grew huff. Says he, This sneer From you I little thought to hear.
▪ IV. † huff, int. Obs.
[Of same origin as huff v.]
1. A sound to scare away birds, etc.: = shoo!
1486Bk. St. Albans D j b, Cry huff, huff, huff, and make the fowle to spryng.
2. An exclamation attributed to a swaggerer or bully, esp. when introduced on the stage.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 491 Her xal entyr a galavnt þus seyyng: Hof hof hof, a frysch new galavnt! c1530Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley I. 188 Huff, huff, huff! who sent after me? I am Imagination, full of jollity. 1586R. W. 3 Ladies Lond. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley VI. 254 Huff! once aloft, and if I may hit in the right vein.
▪ V. huff
obs. form of hove v.1 and v.2 |