| 释义 |
▪ I. allowance, n.|əˈlaʊəns|
Also 4 alouance, 5 alowans, 5–6 alowance.
[a. OFr. alouance, f. alouer: see allow and -ance.]
The action of allowing; a thing allowed.
I. Of praising, approving, admitting, permitting.
†1. Praise, applause. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xi. 215 Of logyke ne of lawe In legenda sanctorum Is litel allowaunce made. a1541Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 203 Vain allowance of his own desert. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 259 It is not the allowance or applause of men that I seek.
2. Approbation, approval; sanction; voluntary acceptance. arch.
1552Huloet, Allowaunce, accepcion or estimation, Acceptio. 1561T. N[orton] tr. Calvin's Inst. 1. To Reader, If I did not, holding myselfe contented with the allowance of God alone, despise the iugementes of men. 1604Edmonds Observ. Cæsar's Comm. 107 They all with one consent made allowance of Vercingetorix for their Generall. 1707Lond. Gaz. mmmmcccxxxvi/8 Her Creditors are required to..assent to or dissent from the Allowance of her Certificate. 1736Butler Anal. i. v. 130 They cannot be gratified at all..with the allowance of the moral principle. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. 426 He look'd smiling on And gave allowance where he needed none.
†3. Admission of something claimed or charged, acknowledgement. Obs.
1587Golding De Mornay xxxii. (1617) 564 This is a good proof and allowance of their innocency. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 30 The censure of the which One, must in your allowance o'reway a whole Theater of Others. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. I. 232 Modesty which is a tacit allowance of imperfection.
4. Permission, tolerance, sufferance.
1628Wither Brit. Rememb. Premon. 6 Because I could not get allowance to doe it publikely. 1689Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 261 Nor had he given Tho. Lloyd any allowance to sett his hand to any thing. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xiii. 184 Some murmur at the allowance of reading the Scriptures. 1753Richardson Grandison (1781) IV. iii. 22 By the Doctor's allowance, I enclose it to you. 1872Freeman Gen. Sketch xvii. §19. 364 There were many causes of difference between them, the chief being the allowance of slavery in the South.
II. Of taking into account, allotting, granting.
5. The action of placing to one's credit, admitting as an item in an account, or allotting a sum on account of the expenses of a person or thing.
1574tr. Littleton's Tenures 27 a, Such a wardeine..shall have allowance of al hys reasonable costes. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 1 Against Church-maintenance and allowance it is not vnknowen what a fiction was deuised. 1625Bacon Ess. (1874) 24 Illiberalitie of Parents in allowance towards their Children. 1845Stephen Laws of Eng. II. 315 Allowance shall be made to him for all his reasonable costs and expenses.
†6. A sum allowed in account; an amount placed on the other side of the account as an equivalent; a consideration. Obs.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. x. 271 Þy lord lokeþ to haue a-louance for hus [i.e. his] bestes, And of þe monye þow haddist þer-myd. 1574tr. Littleton's Tenures 52 b, The landes in fee simple bee alotted to y⊇ younger daughter in allowance of the tenementes tayled, allotted to the elder daughter.
7. A definite portion, sum, or amount, allotted or granted to meet any expenses or requirements.
a. Of money, to meet one's expenses. In military use, esp. in pl. the sums of money (distinct from the pay) paid for various purposes or services. family allowance, see family n. 11.
1440Promp. Parv., Alowans, Allocacio. 1539Househ. Ord. in Thynne's Animadv. Pref. 35 Then he [i.e. the Clerk-Comptroller] to controule the same [expenditure], giving noe larger allowance than there ought to be. 1662J. Ward Diary (1839) 183 Mr. Shakspeare..had an allowance so large, that hee spent att the rate of 1,000l. a-year. 1711Addison Spect. No. 295 ⁋6 They consider this Allowance [Pin-money] as a kind of Alimoney. 1794Certain Rules & Orders to be Observed by the Corps of Fencible Infantry (War Office) 15 Allowances to Officers. We are graciously pleased to grant the following allowances, viz. To every Captain of a Company..Fifty-six Pounds Ten Shillings per Annum. Ibid. 19 Every..Non-Commissioned Officer, and Private Man shall receive, in Aid of the Expence of his Necessaries, an Annual Allowance of 13s. 2½d. 1795(title) Copy of Warrant for establishing a consolidated Allowance at a daily rate, for soldiers of cavalry and infantry. Ibid. 18 The several Allowances called Bread Money..the annual Allowance to each Man in the Infantry for Alteration of Clothing. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. ix. 71 Five ten-guinea notes for your last quarterly allowance. 1837T. Bacon First Impr. fr. Nat. in Hindostan I. 252 Upon pay and allowances not exceeding {pstlg}20 a month. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 464 An excellent order..increasing the allowances of Captains. 1853[see clothing vbl. n. 5 b]. 1888Kipling Plain Tales from Hills, False Dawn 40 Pay and allowances of nearly fourteen hundred rupees a month. 1949F. Maclean Eastern Approaches ii. ii. 190 They had drawn special equipment..and special pay and allowances.
b. A limited portion of food. Hence the phr. at no allowance, without stint, at pleasure.
1580Baret Alv. A 302 That schollers call their commons or alowance, Demensum. 1607Topsell Four-footed Beasts (1673) 237 That so every beast may eat his own allowance. 1611Bible 2 Kings xxv. 30 His allowance was a continuall allowance giuen him of the king, a dayly rate for euery day. 1711F. Fuller Med. Gymn. 56 The short Allowance, the Bread and Water of a Prison. 1836Marryat Midship. Easy xiii. 44 They had but their allowance of bread and grog for one day. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. III. viii. v. 42 His people pluck him at no allowance.
c. A restricted portion of anything granted.
1637Milton Comus 308 In such a scant allowance of star⁓light. 1711Steele Spect. No. 14 ⁋12 We had also but a very short Allowance of Thunder and Lightning. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. i. 166 A popularity of twenty-four hours was, in those times [1788], no uncommon allowance.
8. a. A sum or item put to one's credit in an account; hence, rebate, deduction, discount. to make allowance: to add to or deduct from a reckoning, in order to provide for some incidental circumstance.
1530Palsgr. 194/1 Alowaunce for money, aloouance. 1552Huloet, Allowaunce in rekenynge, Subductio. 1663Gerbier Counsel 77 There must be an allowance for the waste of the Timber. 1740Act of Parl. in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. i. ix. 44 With such allowances, abatements, discounts, and drawbacks..as are by law prescribed. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 326 He made no allowance for what the portion of the earth in question perspired at the same time. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. §25. 363 Making allowance for the time required by the sound to ascend from the bottom. 1870Pinkerton Guide to Administr. 43 The usual allowance for Administrators' commissions in Pennsylvania is five per cent. upon the personal property.
b. A deduction from the weight a race-horse is required to carry.
1823‘Jon Bee’ Slang 3 Allowances (turf) Mares and geldings running against horses are allowed weight (usually 3 lbs. each); also, if coming of untried parents..fillies always carry less than colts. 1881Encycl. Brit. XIII. 202/2 The competitors carried the same weights, with the exception of a slight allowance [to fillies] for sex. 1955Times 10 Sept. 3/1 By this success Robinson lost the right to claim an apprentice's allowance.
c. Mech. (See quots. 1940, 1958.)
1903Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engin. XXIV. 1173 Before making any changes in our present allowances I wrote to a number of engine builders. 1940Chamber's Techn. Dict. 23/2 Allowance, a difference in dimensions prescribed in order to allow of various qualities of fit between mating pieces. 1958Van Nostrand's Sci. Encycl. (ed. 3) 887/1 Allowance is an intentional difference in the size of mating parts. Tolerance is the permissible variation in the size of a part.
9. fig. The taking into account, or consideration, of mitigating, extenuating, or excusing circumstances. Usually in phr. to make allowance for.
1676Dryden Dram. Wks. IV. 75 This Honesty of theirs ought to have many Grains for its Allowance. 1711Steele Spect. No. 274 ⁋1 To have proper Allowances made for their Conduct. 1748Chesterfield Lett. 173 II. 140 The spectators are always candid enough to give great allowances..to a new actor. c1812Jane Austen Sense & Sens. (1849) 29 To make every allowance for the colonel's advanced state of life. 1846Mill Logic vi. viii. §3 Apply their principles with innumerable allowances. 1862Trollope Orley F. v. (ed. 4) 31 He made allowances for her weakness. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. II. vii. 4 Allowance must be made for his constant flattery of his own master.
†10. A balance, remainder. Obs.
1528Perkins Profit. Bk. v. §326 (1642) 144 If a man seised of three acres..enfeoffeth a stranger..of two of the three acres..and the wife is endowed of the third acre which remaineth as allowance of the other acres. 1552Huloet, Allowaunce, or that whiche fulfilleth, maketh good, or vp, or supplieth that which wanteth in measure, numbre or quantity, Supplementum.
11. Comb. or attrib. as allowance-money, allowance system.
1700Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 697 One quarter of his majesties allowance money. 1746W. Thompson R.N. Advoc. (1757) 48 Who receives the Benefit of Short Allowance-Money? 1831Edin. Rev. LIII. 48 The factitious increase of population caused by the allowance-system.
▪ II. allowance, v.|əˈlaʊəns|
[f. the n. Cf. to distance, dower, portion, etc.]
1. To put (any one) upon an allowance; to limit (him) in the amount allowed.
1839Dickens Nich. Nick. xxxiv, I have made up my mind..to allowance him..to put him upon a fixed allowance. 1840― Old C. Shop xxxvi, Don't you ever go and say you were allowanced, mind that. 1859Meredith R. Feverel II. i. 10, I am allowanced two glasses three hours before dinner.
2. To supply (a thing) in fixed and limited quantities; esp. in ppl. adj. allowanced.
1840Dickens Old C. Shop (1867) 276 I'd advise you not to waste time like this. It's allowanced here you know. 1859Cornh. Mag. I. 116 The evening pannikin of tea and the allowanced pound of pemmican. |