| 释义 |
homœostasis|hɒmiːˈɒstəsɪs, hɒmiːəʊˈsteɪsɪs|
Also homeo-.
[mod.L., f. homœo- + Gr. στάσις standing still, stationariness.]
The maintenance of a dynamically stable state within a system by means of internal regulatory processes that tend to counteract any disturbance of the stability by external forces or influences; the state of stability so maintained; spec. in Physiol., the maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the body (e.g. as regards blood temperature) by physiological processes that act to counter any departure from the normal.
1926W. B. Cannon in A. Pettit À Charles Richet 91 The steady states of the fluid matrix of the body are commonly preserved by physiological reactions...Special designations are therefore appropriate:—‘homeostasis’ to designate stability of the organism; ‘homeostatic conditions’ to indicate details of the stability; [etc.]. 1941― in Science 3 Jan. 8/1 The functioning of the human brain has made social homeostasis differ markedly from physiological homeostasis... An upset of constancy necessarily results. Railways replace canals, automobiles crowd out the horse and buggy, [etc.]. 1949Koestler Insight & Outlook xx. 279 The chemical balance of the body fluids (homeostasis). 1955L. R. Dice Man's Nature ix. 113 The individual organism, to maintain its homeostasis (state of balance), will throw away not only water and salts, but even sugar if necessary. 1962Lancet 6 Jan. 31/1 These clinical indications of defective renal homœostasis suggest the need for a more thorough exploration of renal function. 1962V. C. Wynne-Edwards Animal Dispersion xxiii. 561 The general concept of homeostasis in aquatic populations through growth-inhibitory substances..is complicated by the fact that, in some of the very same species, growth-promoting metabolites have also been discovered. 1964M. McLuhan Understanding Media (1967) ii. x. 109 The city, as a form of the body politic, responds to new pressures and irritations by resourceful new extensions—always in the effort to exert staying power, constancy, equilibrium, and homeostasis. 1964N. Wiener God & Golem vi. 86 Science is an important contribution to the homeostasis of the community. 1971Nature 20 Aug. 562/2 Drinking is essential for the homeostasis of body fluids. |