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▪ I. † unˈsound, n. Obs.
[un-1 12. Cf. MHG. ungesunt (obs. G. ungesund) in sense 1.]
1. Physical unsoundness; malady or sickness; a wound or sore.
c1205Lay. 29315 Þe king him gon crepen an heonden and a futen, swulc he mid unsunde al uorwunded weore. a1300Marina 207 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 173 Þer heo lay mid vnsounde Fourteniht faste ybounde. c1315Shoreham i. 82 Water wasscheþ þe felthe a-wey, Þer me wesscheþ by liste Þe on-sounde.
2. Harm, distress, annoyance.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 58 Did not Ionas in Iude such Iape sum-whyle, To sette hym to sewrte, vnsounde he hym feches? Ibid. 527 He þat is to rakel to renden his cloþez, Mot efte sitte with more vn-sounde to sewe hem togeder. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 590 Was neuer sa vnsound set to my hert.
▪ II. unˈsound, a.
[un-1 7. Cf. NFris. ünsün (-sünj), MLG. unsund (hence Sw. osund, Da. usund); also MDu. ongesont (Du. ongezond), MLG. ungesund, MHG. ungesunt (G. ungesund).]
1. Of persons, etc.: Not physically sound; unhealthy, diseased; † suffering from wounds or injuries.
c1320Sir Tristr. 1175 Men wounded him and band Vnsounde. Ibid. 3342. c 1330 King of Tars 522 Summe heore scolles icleved, With serwe thei weore unsounde. c1400Destr. Troy 1255 Þai hurlet hym fro horse fete, & of hond toke, Set hym in his sadill þof he vnsound were. a1450Le Morte Arth. 2165 Oute of the felde was he drayne, For he was seke and sore vn-sounde. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 787 The wery ost..Wysche woundis with wyn, off thaim that was wnsound. 1513Douglas æneid iv. i. 1 The Queyn, with havy thochtis onsound, In euery vane nurisis the greyn wound. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster iii. v, Enuy..Shall find me solid, and her teeth vnsound. 1667Decay Chr. Piety viii. 211 And like an unsound limb, the healing of one Sore is the breaking out of another. 1722De Foe Plague (1896) 57 It brought abundance of unsound people to the markets. 1787‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen (1809) 47 It seems as if one might work a lame horse thus, and keep his unsound leg quiet. 1824Byron Def. Transf. i. i. 564 Merrily! merrily! never unsound, Shall our bonny black horses skim over the ground! 1879G. C. Harlan Eyesight vi. 80 An eye with a high degree of short-sight is almost always an unsound one.
b. transf. Of wounds, ailments, etc.
c1400Destr. Troy 495 Medea the mylde..Wox pale for pyne..With a Sykyng vnsounde, þat sonet to hir hert. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. iv. 16 But that same Ladies hurts no herbe he found Which could redresse, for it was inwardly vnsound. 1613Heywood Brazen Age H 2 b, I did neglect the smart: At length it rankled and it grew vnsound. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 425 The unsound appearances of the granulations show to what a stand the animal powers are put on such occasions.
†c. quasi-adv., in the phrase to sigh unsound.
a1400Morte Arth. 3290 Ofte he syghede vn-sownde, and said theis wordes. a1440Sir Degrev. 316 The eorl hovede and beheld..How they fayre in the feld, And syght unsound. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 638 For pure sorow of that sight thai sighit vnsound.
d. Of substances, plants, fruits, etc.: Not in sound or good condition.
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 273 Officers..who ouersee the shambles, that no vnsound meate be sold. 1707Mortimer Husb. 167 Some Lands will make unsound Cheese, notwithstanding all the Care the good Housewife can take. 1815A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. 402 In some places the grapes are..picked from the stalks, and freed from all the unsound ones with great care. 1855Poultry Chron. III. 546/1 Shake the earth from the roots, cut off any unsound parts.
2. Morally corrupt or vitiated; wicked, evil.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 575 Þe venym & þe vylanye & þe vycios fylþe, Þat by-sulpez mannez saule in vnsounde hert. a1400Morte Arth. 3942 [He] ses theme alle in a soppe..With the Sarazenes vn-sownde enserclede a-bowte. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. iv. §1 That wherein vnsounder times haue done amisse, the better ages ensuing must rectifie, as they may. 1601Weever Mirr. Mart. A 7 b, Seeking how she might the more inhaunce me, Though lewd my hauiour was, vnsound my carriage. 1811Lamb Hogarth Wks. 1908 I. 107 That he..took a pleasure in exposing the unsound and rotten parts of human nature. a1862Buckle Civiliz. (1869) III. iii. 130 If the people are unsound,..the nation perishes.
b. Not sincere or true.
1714Gay Sheph. Week iv. 104 Boobyclod soon drops upon the ground, A certain token that his love's unsound.
3. Unwholesome, unhealthy.
1598Florio, Insanare,..to make vnsound, or vnholsome. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 385 The Mine of Porto..is..of little benefit for want of workmen, by reason of the unsound ayre. 1707Mortimer Husb. 179 In unsound Pasture they reckon it the best for Lambs to run with the Ewes. c1830Glouc. Farm Rep. 18 (L.U.K.), In summer they depasture on the unsound grass land.
4. Not mentally sound or normal; not sane.
a1547Surrey æneis ii. 308 But we goe on, vnsound of memorie. Ibid. iv. 11 When all unsound, her sister of like minde Thus spake she to. 1642tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. iv. 131 If a man of unsound memory..exchange the same land with a stranger. 1693Humours Town 32 A debilitated Body, and unsound Mind. 1746Francis tr. Hor., Sat. ii. iii. 400 His Master sure..Must have confess'd the Slave unsound of Brain. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 538 Finding that Nicholas Hume..was not an idiot or person of unsound mind. 1898Daily News 9 Nov. 4/5 The jury found..that he was occasionally unsound in mind.
5. Not soundly based in reasoning or fact.
1595Spenser Epithal. 237 Modesty, That suffers not one looke to glaunce awry, Which may let in a little thought vnsownd. 1631Gouge God's Arrows 210 The ground of the objection is unsound. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. 6 Therfore it is unsound to say that God [etc.]. 1746Dunkin tr. Horace, Epist. i. ii. 22 When doating Monarchs urge Unsound Resolves, their Subjects feel the Scourge. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. vii, Waking Reason deems Such over⁓weening phantasies unsound. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. x. II. 614 Their old theory, sound or unsound, was at least complete and coherent. 1873M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma vi. 180 When they air their unsound criticism in public.
b. Of persons in respect of opinion or belief.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lii. §4 So Eutyches, of sound beliefe.., became vnsound by denying the difference. a1658Durham Comm. Rev. (1660) 187 If an unsound hypocriticall man may be sent Minister of Christ? 1680C. Nesse Church-Hist. 196 God tenderly covers Asa's frailty,..which he would not do for unsound Jehu. 1891Ld. Acton in Westm. Gaz. 10 Oct. (1906) 2/3 St. John, I have even heard, was unsound about Old Testament dates and authorships.
6. Lacking in solidity or firmness.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 20 Of such subtile substance and vnsound, That like a ghost he seem'd, whose graue-clothes were vnbound. 1760Beattie The Hares 170 Some new phenomenon..Which..From its proud summit to the ground Proves the whole edifice unsound. 1800Southey St. Gualberto viii, The pile was ruinous, the base unsound. 1844Act 7 & 8 Vict. c. 84 §46 If an unsound Party Wall..be pulled down and rebuilt. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. 126 The ice is too unsound for us to attempt to ride with a large team.
7. Of sleep: Broken or disturbed.
1584C. Robinson, etc. Handf. Pleas. Delights (Arb.) 44 My sleepe vnsound hath dreadfull dreams.
▪ III. unˈsound, adv.
[un-1 11 b.]
Not soundly.
1595Daniel Civil Wars iii. lxii, The now sad king..still muses, sleepes vnsound.
▪ IV. † unˈsound, v. Obs.
[un-2 6 b.]
a. trans. To tear or rend.
b. To make unsound.
c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 97 Jacob sonnes thaire brothere cote with thaire handis vnsoundid. 1560W. Baldwin Funeralles K. Edw. Sixt A iv b, When thou hast his..person found, I will thou shalt his helthy body vnsound. |