| 释义 |
hogshead|ˈhɒgzhɛd|
Forms: 4–6 hoggeshed, (4 hoogeshed, 5 hoggishede, hoggys hed, hogges heed, hoggesyde), 6 hoggesheed, hoggis heed, hogyshed, 6–7 hoggeshead, 6– hogshead, (6 hogs(h)ed, -heed, 7 hogs-head, hogs-hede); also β. (6 hoggett), 7 hoghead, Sc. 6–7 hogheid(d, 7 hodg-head.
[f. hog's poss. of hog n.1 + head1. The reason of the name is uncertain.
The English word was taken later, in a disguised form, into most of the Teutonic languages, viz. early mod.Flem. and Du. oxhooft ‘tonneau ou muid de France’ (Plaintijn 1573), hockshoot, ockshood, oghshood ‘dolium, Angl. hoggheshead’ (Kilian 1599), mod.Du. okshoofd, oxhooft (Hexham, 1678), MLG. hukeshovet, LG. okshôfd, Ger. oxhoft, Da. oxehoved, Sw. oxhufvud. In Sw. and Da. this is equivalent to ‘ox-head’, and the first element in Ger. also takes the form of ‘ox’; but in LG. and Du. (where the word for ‘ox’ is os, formerly osse), oxhooft is meaningless as a native formation, while the early variants hukeshovet, hockshoot, -hood, more closely approach the English. The OF. hoguette ‘petit tonneau,’ cited by Godefroy from a charter of Henry V of Engl., has app. no standing or origin in Fr.: cf. the Eng. variant hoghead, Sc. hoggit, huggit, in Suppl. to Jamieson.]
1. A large cask for liquids, etc.; spec. one of a definite capacity, which varied for different liquids and commodities. See sense 2.
1390Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 23 Clerico panetrie per manus Fyssher pro ij barellis et j hoogeshed vacuis per ipsum pro floure imponendo xviij d. 1392Ibid. 156 Diuersis hominibus de Linne pro xiiij doliis vacantibus, ij pipes, v hoggeshedes..dolium ad ij s. ij d., pipa ad xx d., hogges⁓hedz ad xij d. 1423Rolls Parlt. IV. 256/1 Tonnes, Pipes, Tertians, Hoggeshedes of wyn of Gascoign..shulden be of certein mesure..the Terciane iiiixx iiii galons, the Hogges⁓hede iiixx iii galons. a1467Gregory Chron. 207 They fulle ungoodely smote owte the heddys of the pypys and hoggys hedys of wyne, that men wente wete-schode in wyne. 1578in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 428 Marchauntes shall not..marke any signe or signes upon anye pipe, bout, or hogsed. 1674tr. Scheffer's Lapland x. 44 A garland..about as big as the hoop of an hogshead. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., In Fortification Hogsheads fill'd with Earth serve to make Breast-works, to cover the Men. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. lxviii. 716 Innumerable fascines, and hogsheads, and trunks of trees, were heaped on each other. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. vi. 97 Some of his trees were excellently fitted to make hogsheads.
β1577in Glasgow Burgh Rec. (1832) 88 To ressave..ten hogheids, blawin and ticht, and to paye..twa schillingis for þe grathing of ilk ane þairof. 1644Z. Boyd Gard. Zion in Zion's Flowers (1855) App. 10/1 Which..Blowes up the bung, or doth the Hodghead rent. 1687Wood Life 3 Sept. (O.H.S.) III. 228 The conduit..had a hoghead or vessell of clarret in it.
2. Hence, Such a caskful of liquor; a liquid measure containing 63 old wine-gallons (equal to 52½ imperial gallons). Abbreviated hhd.
This content was prescribed by a statute of 1423: see quot. in 1. The London hogshead of beer contained 54 gallons, that of ale 48 gallons; elsewhere the hogshead of ale or beer contained 51 gallons. (‘Now seldom used of beer, but almost invariably of cider.’ Encycl. Dict.)
1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 13 Euery hogshead to containe lxiij gallons. And euery barrell to containe xxxj gallons and an halfe. 1500Chron. Calais (Camden) 50 Dyverse sortes of wyne, and ij hogshedys of ypocras. 1510H. Ld. Clifford's Househ. Bk. (in Craven Dial. 1828), Itm payd at London..to John Browne for a tonne of wyne, yt ys to say v hogs⁓heeds of white and two of clared v. li. 1587Harrison England ii. vi. (1877) i. 159 Hereof we make three hogges⁓heads of good beere. 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 47 Hauing a drop or two of pitty left of the huge hogshead of teares they spent for Hero and Leander. 1713Steele Englishm. No. 8. 56, I sell it by the Gallon, as cheap as you can buy it any where by the Hogshead. 1749Reynardson in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 65 The liquid Bushel is not 64, but 63 Pounds or Pints; eight whereof make the Hogshead equal to 63 Gallons. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 54 By means of pumps a horse can raise 250 hogsheads of water, 10 feet high, in an hour. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. iv. App. A. (ed. 2) 566 The hogshead of cider in Jersey contains sixty gallons. 1897Whitaker's Alm. 424 Of wines imported in casks the following are the usual measurements..Hogs⁓head of Claret 46; Port, 57; Sherry, 54; Madeira, 46 gallons.
β1499–1500Durham MS. Burs. Roll, In v doliis et uno hoggett vini rubij. 1634in Glasgow Burgh Rec. (Rec. Soc.) I. 23 Twa hogheidis of wine to the Bischope.
b. Of other commodities: A cask of capacity varying according to the contents and locality.
In later use varying from 100 to 140 gallons; the hogshead of molasses was in 1749 fixed at 100 gallons.
1491Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. cxxiv. 142 bb, He sente..a thousande hogges heedes of beenes & peesen to make potage wyth. 1569Irish Act 11 Eliz. Sess. iii. c. 10 in Bolton Stat. Irel. (1621) 336 Shall pay..for every such hugshead of beafe fortie shilling sterling. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman iii. (1841) I. 20 Two carts loaded with about 12 hogsheads or casks of molasses. 1776Adam Smith W.N. ii. v. (1869) I. 378 About ninety-six thousand hogs⁓heads of tobacco are annually purchased in Virginia and Maryland. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade s.v., The hogshead is at present a large cask used for transporting various articles; for sugar ranging from 14 to 18 cwt. in weight.
β1588in Glasgow Burgh Rec. (Rec. Soc.) I. 123 Ane hogheid of beiff.
fig.1773in Boswell Tour to Hebrides 21 Oct., This man is just a hogshead of sense.
3. Applied to a person with allusion to the animal. couch a hogshead: see couch v.1 1 e.
c1515etc. [see couch v.1 1 e]. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 110 If you delight in a Pigs-nie, you may by receiving of him be sure of a Hogs-head. 1619R. Harris Drunkard's Cup 20 Their Parish Priests (as those hogs⁓heads terme him). 1645Milton Colast. Wks. (1851) 375 His jabberment in Law, the flashiest and the fustiest that ever corrupted in such an unswill'd hogshead.
4. Humorously applied to the head or lid of a pig-shaped vessel, used as a drinking cup.
1884Mag. of Art Jan. 102 The vessel [a Sussex pig] is filled with liquor..and the head being taken off and filled, each guest is invited to ‘drink a hog's-head of beer to the health of the bride’.
5. attrib., as hogshead stave; also hogshead weight (see quot.).
1600T. Hill Arith. xiii. 66, 112 Poundes weight maketh 1. hundred weight. 5. of those hundreds..1. Hogshead weight. 1772Ann. Reg. 230 That a bounty of six pounds be allowed for every 1800 such hundred of hogshead staves. |