| 释义 |
him, pers. pron., 3rd sing. masc. (and † neut.), dat.-acc.|hɪm, enclitic -ɪm|
Forms: 1– him; also 1–6 hym (rarely 2–4 heom, 4–5 hem, hime, hom, 5 ham, 5–6 hyme).
[OE. him, dat. sing., masc. and neuter, of he, it: cognate with OFris. him (MDu. heme, hem, him, Du. hem), and parallel in inflexion to OS. and OHG. imu, imo (MLG. ime, eme, MHG. im(e, Ger. ihm), Goth. imma. In 10th c. (as in the parallel her, hem), the dative appears to have begun to be used for the accus. hine in north-midl. dialect; by 1150 him had supplanted hine in north and midl., and before 1400 had become the general literary form, though some south-western writers of the 15th c. retained hin, hen, which, in the form en, un, 'n, is still current in southern dialect speech: see hin. (So in late OFris. him took the place of hine, hin; and in MDu., the dat. heme, hem, him, intruded upon the orig. accus. hin, hen; and mod.Du. has only the dat.-acc. hem.) But while him thus became both dative and accusative in the masculine, in the neuter the accusative hit, it survived, and at length superseded the dative, as in the modern ‘give it a push’. Thus, from being originally dative masc. and neuter, him is now dat. and acc. masculine, having received extension in case, restriction in gender. Cf. the mod.Ger. restriciton of ihm to living beings.]
I.
1. As proper masculine pronoun of the third person sing., dative and accusative (objective indirect and direct) of he. Also as antecedent pron. followed by relative or prepositional phrase (cf. he 4). Used of persons and animals of male sex. a. dat. or indirect obj. = to him. (= L. ei, illi, Ger. ihm.)
855O.E. Chron., Him þa Carl Francna cyning his dohtor ᵹeaf him to cuene. 971Blickl. Hom. 111 Eall..þæt him..wæs..leofost to aȝenne. c1000Gosp. Nicod. vi, Se Hælend hym and swarode and cwæþ. a1175Cott. Hom. 221 Uton wircan him ȝemace him to fultume. c1205Lay 143 Þe king heuede ane douter, þe him was swiþe deore. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 31 Þe kyng of France..bad hire fader graunt hym þe gode Cordeille. a1300Cursor M. 1360 (Gött.) Þis es þe oyle þat was hight hime [v.r. hyme]. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 368 Him repenteth outrely of this. c1400Destr. Troy 1854 Iff ye send hom þat semly þat I sew fore. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys. (1874) I. 56 Wel is hym that wyth pacience can indure. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 8 b, [To] cary and transport such thinges as him listeth. 1671Milton P.R. ii 266 Him thought, he by the brook of Cherith stood. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 433 Ten acres of land which are worth him five pounds a year. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington vi. 13 O give him welcome, this is he Worthy of our gorgeous rites.
b. Governed by a preposition.
a855O.E. Chron. an. 838 Herebryht aldormon..ond moniᵹe mid him. c1020Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 29 Þonne ic beo unᵹewemmed toforan heom. a1175Cott. Hom. 237 Þer cumeð þe hali engles him to. c1300Cursor M. 22498 (Edin.) Þoru dred of hem was don on rod. 1340Ayenb. 62 He heþ zuich a lac ine him. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 99 Holden with hem and with heore [B. wiþ him & with hir]. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 460 Fflemere of feendes out of hym and here. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 And wolde not gyue to hym the due honour. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 4734 The Landis Lord..cleiks tyll him ane herield hors. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 116 From him whom I trust God defend me. 1710Hearne Collect. 28 Mar. (O.H.S.) II. 368 We have..a folio Edition of him. 1856Sat. Rev. II. 274/1 We have little to add to the knowledge of him which readers..already possess.
†c. absol. constr. After L. ablative absolute: now expressed by nominative.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark v. 35 Him þa ᵹyt sprecendum hi comon. c1160Hatton Gosp. ibid., Hym þa ȝyt spræcenden hio comen. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiii. 280 Hym willynge þat alle men wende he were þat he is nouȝte. 1382Wyclif John viii. 30 Him spekinge thes thingis, many men bileueden in to him.
d. acc. or direct obj. (= L. eum, illum, Ger. ihn, OE. hine.)
(The 10th c. instances were probably felt as dat.)
[c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xvii. 5 Him ᵹe ᵹeherað [Lindisf., Hatt., hine; Ags. G., hyne]. Ibid. xviii. 32 Þa ᵹecæᵹde him dryhten his [L., H., hine; Ags. G., hyne.] c1132O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 654 Him luuede al þeode. Ibid. an. 1114 Þæt he sceolde him læden to Cantwarabyriᵹ and blætson him to biscop. c1154Ibid. an. 1140 ⁋11 He helde him for fader and he him for sune. c1175Lamb. Hom. 59 Þe lauerd þet him wrohte. c1250Gen. & Ex. 209 God bar him in-to paradis. 1375Barbour Bruce ix. 465 He held euir agane the king, And hatit hyme atour all thing. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 18 Take a Capoun, and make hem clene, & sethe hym in Water. 1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 222 b, Shyppes, for to transport hym and hys over the sea into Fraunce. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 32 And him, O wondrous! him, O Miracle of Men! Him did you leaue..vn-seconded by you. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. v. 32 What has he done that mas'r should sell him?
†e. Redundant before n. Obs. rare.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 475 For Ialousie and fere of hym Arcite. ― Merch. T. 124 She goddes peple kept And slow hym Olofernus whil he slepte.
2. Formerly put also for other than male beings.
†a. him was in OE. the dative of the neuter hit, it, as well as of he. This use came down to the 17th c. esp. with a preposition; later use substitutes it.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 83 Oli haueð huppen him lihtnesse and softnesse. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 43 Þe see goþ al abouten hym [Ireland] eke as ich vnderstonde. Ibid. 49 Þer nes in al þe world swerd hym yliche. c1325Lai le Freine 210 A litel maiden-childe..And a pel him about. c1400Mandeville i. (Roxb.) 4 It takes in to him xl oþer ryuers. c1425Craft Nombrynge (E.E.T.S) 26 Þou schalt write þe digitte ouer þe hede of þe neþer figure..and sett þe articulle next hym toward þe lyft side. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 41 The Fire conteyneth in him the Aëre. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. viii. (1627) 93 Construe first the Nominative Case: and if there be an Adiectiue or Participle with him, then I must English them next.
b. him occurs also as accusative for things (in ME.) grammatically masculine, or (in later use) spoken of with the masc. pronoun. Still common in southern dial. In standard Eng. now only with things personified as masculine: cf. he 2.
c1420Chron. Vilod. st. 486 Lord God! y betake my soule to þe; Bryng hym to þy joy. 1526Tindale Matt. xviii. 9 Yff..thy fote geve the an occasion of evyll, cut hym of and cast hym from the. ― 1 Cor. ix. 27, I tame my body and brynge hym into subieccion. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 119 Take hede yat your bowe stande not to nere a stone wall, for that wyll make hym moyste and weke. 1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 25 b, This herbe..If you cannot get him alwayes greene, ye maye kepe him drie. 1639in C. Kerry Ch. St. Lawrence, Reading (1883) 54 For mooving the pulpit and setting him lower. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 48 The Sun was sunk, and after him the Starr Of Hesperus. Mod. (personif.) Winter had wrapped his mantle about him. Mod. dial. (Gardener says of mowing-machine) ‘He wants sharpening, sir; it's two years since he was done; I remember their putting him on the trolly just here, and taking him to the foundry’.
3. For the nom.: esp. after than, as, and in predicate after be.
Common in colloquial lang. from end of 16th c. Dialectally the use of him for he extends to all constructions in which French uses lui for il. The construction than him is sometimes a reminiscence of the Latin ablative.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 623 Hym that she chesith he shal hire han a swithe. c1515Cocke Lorell's B. 4 Here is gylys Iogeler of ayebery And hym sougelder of lothebery. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. viii. 34 And damn'd be him, that first cries hold, enough. 1610― Temp. v. i. 15 The King, His Brother, and yours, abide all three distracted..but chiefly Him that you term'd Sir, the good old Lord Gonzallo. 1698Vanbrugh Prov. Wife ii. i, But sure it can't be him. 1759Johnson Dissert. Grk. Comedy Wks. 1816 III. 20 No man had ever more discernment than him, in finding out the ridiculous. 1764Wesley Jrnl. 5 Feb., Why then does not Jacob speak as plain as him? 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 137 What anybody else can do better or worse than him. 1797Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 310 Is it him? 1840Barham Ingold. Leg., Jackdaw, Heedless of grammar, they all cried, ‘That's him!’ 1893Northumbld. Gloss. s.v., Him an' me's gannin’.
II.
4. refl. = himself, to himself. (= L. sibi, se, Ger. sich.) a. dat. with trans. vb., or objective with prep. (Still in current use, when not ambiguous.)
c855O.E. Chron. an. 853 He..hiene him to biscep suna nam. c1000ælfric Gen. vi. 2 Godes bearn..namon him wif. a1175Cott. Hom. 227 He wolde of þise cynne him moder ȝeceosen. c1205Lay. 6356 Þes Damus on his deie ane chiuese him ichæs. c1250Gen. & Ex. 437 He made him maniȝe fon. 1370Robt. Cicyle 55 The aungelle before hym made hym to stande. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. iv. 4 Let euery Souldier hew him downe a Bough, And bear't before him. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 41 (Seager) By this means he reconciled to him the minds of his subjects. Mod. He put the thought from him. He will take it with him in the carriage.
b. Formerly much used with intrans. verbs of motion or posture (including be), sometimes also with trans. verbs, app. in the sense ‘for’ or ‘as to himself’; where, according to modern notions, it is superfluous. Obs. (or rare archaism.)
c993Battle of Maldon 11 Eac him wolde Eadric his ealdre ᵹelæstan. c1000ælfric Gen. xviii. 8 Abraham stod him under þam treowe. ― Deut. xxiv. 5 Beo him æt ham. c1175Lamb. Hom. 27 Þe unclene gast þe geð him of þan sunfulle mon. c1200Ormin 229 Zacariȝe for himm ham. c1205Lay. 532 Þe king him com riden. Ibid. 25555 Þa þe king him awoc. a1225St. Marher. 4 He..ferde him soððen into antioche. a1300Cursor M. 5235 (Gött.) Ioseph had him sonis tuin. c1300Havelok 286 Quanne the Erl godrich him herde Of þat mayden, hw wel she ferde. c1340Cursor M. 4055 (Fairf.) Ioseph him saghe a niȝt in squeuen. Ibid. 14333 (Fairf.) Ihesus him loked vn-to þe lift. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5045 Þar as þat schryn hym was. c1420Chron. Vilod. st. 865 Þis tempest obeyeth hym no more me to, Shipmon, þen hit dothe to þe. c1630Milton Passion 21 Then lies him meekly down fast by his brethren's side.
c. acc. or direct object. arch. and poetic.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 109 Þe alde mei him witan iwis þone deð. c1275Lay. 30574 Brian him [c 1205 hine] bi-þohte. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 551 He chaunged his array And cladde hym as a poure laborer. c1450Lydg. Secrees 1153 So shulde a kyng..Shewe hym gracyous to hihe and lowe degre. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 482 Richarde the duke of normandy..recomendeth hym humbly to you. 1549Compl. Scot. 118 Quhou he suld vse hym touart his maister. 1620Frier Rush 6 Rush went forth to sport him. 1813Byron Giaour 68 He who hath bent him o'er the dead. 1820Keats St. Agnes xiii, He found him in a little moonlight room.
5. quasi-n. Male person, man. Cf. he 6.
1880Trollope Duke's Children (Tauchn.) I. 94 That other him is the person she loves. 1884Gilbert Orig. Plays 129 ‘Mr. F. shall introduce him.’ ‘It ain't a him, it's a her.’ 1898Daily News 14 Mar. 4/7 The chances against her ‘getting him’, and her disinclination to wed any other ‘him’.
6. him one, him alone, by himself, alone: see one, alone. him self: see himself, self. |