| 释义 |
highland, n. and a.|ˈhaɪlənd|
Also 5–9 hieland, 6 heland, hiland, -end, (helland, heleand), 7 hyland, (hayelonde).
[f. high a. + land.]
A. n.
1. a. High or elevated land; a lofty headland or cliff. b. The mountainous or elevated part of any country; occas. also in the names of geographical districts, as the Hudson Highlands. (Perh. extended from 2.)
a1000Cædmon's Exod. 385 Heahlond stiᵹon..on Seone beorᵹ. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 186 Towards Sun-set wee see the Coast or high land of Brin John. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. iv. (1691) 80 Wet Weather being propitious to High-lands, which drowneth the Low. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 192 The Sierra, or highland of Motapa. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. v. 173 He was..to cruise off the highland of Valparaiso. 1833Tennyson Hesperides, Beneath a highland leaning down a weight Of cliffs. 1839Thirlwall Greece lii. VI. 309 He then advanced toward the highlands of Nura. 1871B. Taylor Faust I. ii. 44 Where over crags and piny highlands The poising eagle slowly soars.
2. spec. with capital initial. (Now always pl., Sc. pronunc. |ˈhiːlənts|.) The mountainous district of Scotland which lies north and west of a line drawn from the Firth of Clyde through Crieff to Blairgowrie and thence north and north-west to Nairn on the Moray Firth; the territory formerly occupied by the Celtic clans.
c1425[implied in highlandman]. 1529Lyndesay Compl. 384 And, in this realme, hes maid sic ordour, Baith throw the heland and the bordour. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. iv. (1691) 70 The Land and Housing in Ireland, and the High-Lands of Scotland. c1730Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1818) I. 37 The Kirk..distinguishes the Lowlands from the Highlands by the language generally spoken. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 507/2 Dunkeld..by the beauty of its situation and its convenience as the point of entrance upon the Highlands. 1867Queen Victoria (title) Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands.
B. attrib. or adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, or inhabiting high land or a mountainous district.
1595Duncan App. Etymol. (E.D.S.), Montannus, hieland. 1637Boston Rec. (1877) II. 19 The little marsh..with a little hill of upland ground..compast on three sydes with highland ground. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. lxv. 626 The highland robbers were subdued or extirpated. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxiv. (1856) 199 Merely the highland clouds over the mountains. 1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. III. 274 Highland Cudweed. 1897Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 7/1 The Fen agriculturists have stood the depression much better than their high-land neighbours.
2. a. spec. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the Highlands of Scotland. Highland bonnet = Scotch cap; Highland Boundary Fault, a geological fault extending across Scotland from the Firth of Clyde on the west coast to Stonehaven on the east; also called Great Highland Fault; (West) Highland cattle, a breed of small cattle from the Highlands, characterized by thick, shaggy hair and long curved horns set wide apart; Highland dress, the kilt and accompanying costume worn by the Highland clansmen and soldiers; Highland fling (see fling n. 4 a); Highland games (see game n. 4 d); Highland honours (see quot. 1858); Highland kilt = kilt n.; Highland pony, one of a breed of ponies originating in the Highlands; Highland regiment, in the British Army, a regiment originally composed of Highlanders, or raised in the Highlands, and retaining more or less of the Highland dress; Highland terrier, a variety of terrier descended from the working terrier of the Scottish Highlands; also called West Highland white terrier, White West Highlander.
c1425[see highlandman]. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvi. 109 Than cryd Mahoun for a Heleand padȝane. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 107 A number of hideous high-land Scots. 1648Milton Observ. Art. Peace Wks. 1738 I. 359 A generation of Highland Thieves and Red-shanks. 1760Aberdeen Jrnl. 22 Jan., His Grace..appears every Day in the Highland Dress, which becomes him extremely well. 1771[see kilt n.]. 1818Scott Rob Roy II. xiv. 192 The Baillie, thus refreshed, was mounted on a small Highland poney. 1819Observer 25 July 4/4 A parcel of these children dressed in the Highland kilt. 1819Edin. Even. Courant 31 July 1 Lost, A Highland Terrier, that answers to the name of Brogach. 1821Edin. Star 2 Feb., There is something so hearty and rapturous in the Highland honours which follow the toasts. 1822D. Wordsworth 2nd Tour Scotl. in Jrnls. (1941) II. 373 Boys dressed in their glossiest and best—little ones in Tartan with Highland bonnets. 1825Loudon Encycl. Agric. §6118 Along the eastern coast, north of the Firth of Forth, the Highland cattle are intermixed with various local breeds. 1828Scott F.M. Perth iv, Two..seemed to me..to have Highland plaids about them. 1831W. Youatt Horse iv. 59 The Highland Pony is far inferior to the galloway. 1833Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. II. 137/2 The popularity which Highland bonnets acquired from the glory of the Scottish regiments at Waterloo. 1834W. Youatt Cattle iii. 66 The striking peculiarities of the Highland cattle. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1274 The West Highland has long been famed in Scotland as a superior breed of cattle. 1846C. St. John Short Sk. Highlands xiv. 113 Why do Highland terriers so often run on three legs?.. I never had a Highland terrier who did not hop along constantly on three legs. 1853J. E. Millais Let. ? 8 Oct. in M. Lutyens Millais & Ruskins (1967) 93 He comes out in the Highland kilt and cap. 1858Queen Victoria Let. 1 Apr. in R. Fulford Dearest Child (1964) 83 Alfred and Arthur in Highland dress. 1858Illustr. News of World 12 June 300/3 All the loyal toasts were proposed and drunk with ‘Highland honours’—a kind of demonstration which the polite reader may think somewhat ludicrous..since it consists of putting one leg on a chair and another on the table, elevating the right hand to its utmost stretch, and ‘draining the wine cup to the very dregs’. 1875Encycl. Brit. I. 389/1 The Kyloes or West Highland cattle. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxi. 158 Upon the shores of highland lochs. 1893Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XLIX. 354 The grey slate or phyllite, north of the Great Highland Fault. 1901A. Geikie Scenery Scotl. (ed. 3) iii. 64 The line of the Highland boundary fault runs out to sea immediately to the north of Stonehaven. 1911Encycl. Brit. VIII. 376/1 An application which was made (1900) by some of their admirers for separate classification was refused by the Kennel Club, but afterwards it was granted, the breed being classified as the West Highland white terrier. 1922R. Leighton Compl. Bk. Dog xiv. 206 The Poltalloch, or White West Highlander. 1929J. W. Gregory in Evans & Stubblefield Handbk. Geol. Gt. Brit. i. 10 The Middle Devonian age of the Highland Boundary Fault is shown near Loch Lomond. 1937J. Macdonald Highland Ponies 39 For several years the Department of Agriculture for Scotland has been supplying Highland pony stallions for the use of the crofters. 1961L. D. Stamp Gloss. Geogr. Terms 234/1 Geographically the ‘Highlands of Scotland’ is the name applied to the whole massif north of the Highland Boundary Faults. 1969R. T. Wilcox Dict. Costume 305/2 Scottish Highland dress..: the kilt; a hill jacket..; the sporran. 1970New Yorker 28 Feb. 44/2 Calvin was the little West Highland terrier she and Grandpa Nye had got on their wedding trip in Scotland in 1937. 1973Courier & Advertiser (Dundee) 26 Feb. 1/1 (Advt.), Cattleman required for suckler herd and pedigree Highland cattle.
b. Resembling, having the characteristics of, or typical of the people of the Highlands of Scotland.
c1780J. R. (song title) The Highland character... No effeminate customs our sinews unbrace, No luxurious tables enervate our race. 1787Burns in Poems ascribed to Burns (1801) 53 There's naething here but Highland pride, And Highland scab and hunger. 1792― Poems & Songs (1968) I. 358 In Heaven itself I'll ask no more Than just a Highland welcome. 1816Scott Antiquary I. ix. 204 Rab Tull keepit a Highland heart, and bang'd out o' bed..and he did follow the thing up stairs and down stairs. 1818― Rob Roy II. v. 54 Ay, he has a kind o' Hieland honesty—he's honest after a sort, as they say. 1829Blackw. Mag. Sept. 400 Yet still the blood is strong, the heart is Highland, And we in dreams behold the Hebrides. 1871L. W. M. Lockhart Fair to See (1872) I. ii. 58 I'm as Highland as—as—anything. 1897R. M. Ferguson Village Poet 172 They'll not jew us—we're no' sae hieland. |