| 释义 |
Higgs, n. Particle Physics.|hɪgz|
[The name of P. W. Higgs (b. 1929), English physicist.]
1. Used attrib. to designate the Higgs mechanism (see below), propounded by him in 1964, and concepts associated with this; as Higgs boson: see Higgs particle below; Higgs field, an electrically neutral scalar field invoked in the Higgs mechanism; Higgs mechanism, the spontaneous symmetry-breaking of the electromagnetic and weak interactions by the agency of a Higgs field, which is invoked to account for the fact that the W and Z (mediators of the weak force) have mass but the photon (mediator of the electromagnetic force) does not, and which predicts the existence of a Higgs particle; Higgs particle, the quantum of a Higgs field, spec. (also Higgs boson), a postulated scalar neutral boson of undetermined mass.
1972Physics Lett. XXXIX. B. 229 A simplified (abelian) model of weak interactions is examined... The model utilizes the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous violation of local gauge symmetry to generate a vector meson mass. 1973Physical Rev. D. VII. 510 Recently proposed models of weak interactions based on spontaneously broken gauge symmetry contain additional interactions arising from exchange of the scalar Higgs particles and/or neutral vector bosons. Ibid. D. VIII. 2545 (heading) Constraints on Higgs fields in unified weak-electromagnetic gauge theories. 1974Ibid. D. X. 1348/2 In our simplified version of the BHY model..the second-order KL–KS mass difference..is proportional to the mass squared of a Higgs boson. 1977Nature 21 Apr. 680/1 In the gauge theories, particles gain masses by coupling to scalar fields known as Higgs particles. 1981J. L. Lopes Gauge Field Theories viii. 244 The discovery of the Higgs mechanism was the key which made it [sic] finally possible the formulation of unified models of weak and electromagnetic interactions based on the theory of gauge fields. 1983J. Iliopoulos in Capri & Kamal Particles & Fields 2 i. 3 The most characteristic signature of the Higgs boson is its coupling properties to fermions. 1986Sci. Amer. Mar. 60/3 In the simplest form of the Higgs mechanism for symmetry breaking there is one Higgs particle associated with one Higgs field. Ibid., The interaction of a particle with the Higgs field contributes to the energy of a particle with respect to the vacuum. That energy is equivalent to a mass. 1987Nature 5 Feb. 479/1 The undiscovered object called the Higgs particle is a continuing offence against the successful electroweak theory that accounts for the weak nuclear force. 1987New Scientist 12 Feb. 27/1 Nobody knows how heavy the Higgs boson is, even if it exists.
2. ellipt. A Higgs particle.
1984Nature 19 Jan. 297/2 The appropriate spin-zero Higgs needed to break the electroweak and other gauge symmetries. 1986Sci. Amer. Mar. 61/1 If the mass of the Higgs is as great as 1 TeV, the electroweak theory predicts that entirely new phenomena must emerge at energies of 1 TeV or more. 1988New Scientist 19 May 60/2 If the Higgs exists, and it has a mass of less than 90 gigaelectronvolts, then the SLC might find it. |