| 释义 |
hickwall local.|ˈhɪkwəl|
Forms: α. 5 hyghwhele, 6 highwale, hucholl, hewhall, 6–7 hewel(l, 7– hew-hole. β. 7 highaw(e, heighaw, heyhoe, hiho, 7–8 high-hoe, 9 haihow; 9 heighhold. (Cf. high-hole, hecco.) γ. 6 hechewall, 6– hickwall; also 6 hicwaw, 7 hicway, 7–8 hickway. (Cf. witwall.) δ. 9 hickle, hickol, heckle, ickwell, ickle, eckle, eacle, eaqual, ecall, eikle, eekle. (Cf. yuckle.) ε. 8 hufil, 9 hefful. (Cf. yaffle.)
[A word of comparatively late appearance in writing, of which the original form and derivation are difficult to determine amid the variety of spellings in which it is found from the 16th c. onwards. It is probable that all these go back to imitations of the ‘loud laughing note’ of the bird, of which the early form hygh-whele (? = hyxwɛl) may be an imitation (already perhaps modified so as to make it articulate). Closely allied to this are the series hueholl, hewhole, and heighaw, high-hoe, highhole, accommodated by popular etymology to the habits of the bird. The series hickwall, hicwaw, hickway may easily have arisen from an earlier |hyxwɛl|, by the hardening of gh to k (as in heahfore, heyghfer, hekfer, heckfer (heifer), and the words hext, next), although the second element takes the appearance of being = OE. waᵹ, ME. wagh, and mod. wall, and the first has been explained as a derivative form of hack vb., quasi ‘that which hacks walls’. From hickwaw Drayton's hecco, and the modern hickle, ickle series, are obvious phonetic descendants. Finally, hefful, hufil, show f for earlier gh |x|, and thus attach themselves likewise to |hyxwɛl|. There is perh. some attraction between some of these forms and the names yuckle, yaffle, which appear to represent an earlier *youchel, *yawchel, parallel to |hyxwɛl|; and there may have been similar mutual influence between hickwall and witwall, the latter prob. orig. = ME. wodewale, woodwall.]
The Green Woodpecker.
α14..MS. Arundel 249 lf. 90 Hygh-whele, picus. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 911 The high-wale, lespec. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 25 Like vnto y⊇ ende of the tonge of an hueholl or wodspike. 1570Levins Manip. 13/41 Hewhall, vireo. Ibid. 56/13 Hewell, bird, vireo. a1678Marvell Appleton House 558 Yet that worm triumphs not long But serves to feed the hewel's young. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 135 The green Woodpecker, or Woodspite, called also the Rain-fowl, High-hoe, and Hew-hole. 1797–1804T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 276 heading, The Green Woodpecker..Hew-hole.
β1611Cotgr., Epiche, a Speight..Wood-pecker, or Highaw. Ibid., Prinard, a Heighaw, or Wood-pecker. 1674Ray Collect. Words 84 (Halliw.) Heyhoe, the green wood⁓pecker. 1678[see α]. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. xiii. 308/2 Woodspite, Hickwall, Witwall, Hiho, Red Sparrow. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Haihow,..the Green Woodpecker.—Bridgnorth.
γ1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. i. xvii. 30 b, The Hechewal, if a wedge be driuen into the whole of her nest..compelleth it to fall out with an herbe that she knoweth. 1573–80Baret Alv. H 416 An Hickwall, or witwall, vireo. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Pic,..a birde called a Speicht or Hicwaw. 1601Holland Pliny I. 351 The Wrinecke or Hickway, with some few others, haue two [toes] before and other two behind. 1611Florio, Picchio,..a bird called a wood hacker, a wood wall, a wood pecker, a tree iobber, a hickway. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., The woodpecker..nutjobber..witwal, hickwall..creeper. 1708Motteux Rabelais iv. lxii. (1737) 254 This same Herb your Hickways, alias Woodpeckers use. 1824Cary tr. Aristoph. Birds iii. i. 109 Those carpenter fowls, the hickwalls, Who with their beaks did hack the gates out workmanly. 1890Gloucestersh. Gloss., Hickwall, the green woodpecker.
δ1876S. Warwicksh. Gloss., Hickle, the green woodpecker. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Ecall,..the Green Woodpecker. 1882W. Worcs. Gloss., Eacle, the Woodpecker. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 99 Green Woodpecker..Eccle (Oxfordshire). Icwell (Northants). Eaqual or Ecall (Salop). Yuckel (Wilts). Yockel (Salop). 1890Gloucestersh. Gloss., Heckle, the green woodpecker (Heref.).
ε1788W. Marshall Yorks. Gloss., Hufil,..woodpecker. 1828Craven Dial., Hefful, a wood-pecker, a heigh-hold. |