| 释义 |
▪ I. Allen|ˈælɪn|
A proprietary name used attrib. in the names of various tools, etc., produced by the Allen Manufacturing Co., of Hartford, Conn., esp. Allen key, a kind of spanner designed to fit into and turn an Allen screw; Allen screw, a screw with a hexagonal socket in the head.
1930Buck & Hickman Catal. 1055 Allen Safety Set Screws. 1961Which? Nov. 282/2 Users felt that it was a nuisance to have to use an Allen-key (a small spanner) to tighten the Helvetia's needle. 1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes viii. 295 Loosen the Allen screws..and turn the eccentric collars..at each side of the duplicator. 1972Pract. Motorist Oct. 165/1 We took a plug out at the top. Under it..was the top of the hinge pin which has a recess in the head to take an Allen key. 1972Trade Marks Jrnl. 3 May 838/1 Allen..Set screws, cap screws, shoulder screws; plugs for pipes and oil plugs..all made of common metal and incorporating hexagonal shaped sockets. The Allen Manufacturing Company..Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America; Manufacturers and Merchants. 1976A. Hill Summer's End ii. 35 When you'r not using the gun, yo' threads these plugs into the barrel ends like this, sithee. This allen-key teks 'em out when yo' wants to shoot it. 1978Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 9 May 174/1 The Allen Wrench People. The Allen Manufacturing Company. Multiple class.
▪ II. Allen, n.2|ˈælən|
[The name of Joel A. Allen (1838–1921), U.S. zoologist.]
Allen's rule, an ecogeographical rule first formulated by Allen in 1877 (Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1905 (1906)), according to which the protruding body parts of a warm-blooded animal are smaller in populations occupying the cooler parts of its geographical range. Cf. *Bergmann n.
1937Allee & Schmidt Hesse's Ecol. Animal Geogr. xx. 389 We find that mammals of cold climates have their heat-radiating surfaces decreased by a reduction in size of the ear and tail, by a shortening of the neck and in general by a more compact form. This has been referred to as Allen's Rule. 1954G. L. Clarke Elem. Ecol. 158 These simple ecological relationships, in addition to underlying Bergmann's principle and Allen's rule, undoubtedly account in part at least for the fact that no extremely small mammals or birds exist, that is, as small as the majority of insects. 1973B. J. Williams Evolution & Human Origins xiii. 221 Allen's rule is concerned with changes in shape to achieve the optimal volume-to-surface area ratio. 1992Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) x. i. 389/1 Body form also obeys certain rules, like Allen's rule..: Inuit (Eskimos) are short-limbed, and Africans of the sunny tropics are the opposite. |