| 释义 |
▪ I. herring-bone, n. (a.)
1. a. The bone of a herring.
1652Season. Exp. Netherl. 8, I was pleased to hear so rich a Towne..could be Founded on Herring-Bones. 1857Chambers' Inform. I. 709/2 The popular saying of being founded on herring-bones is as applicable to the thriving town of Wick, as Amsterdam.
b. pl. Small cirrocumulus clouds (cf. mackerel sky).
1905Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. 4/2 The sky was sunny, but mottled in the north-west with ‘herring-bones’, which prophesied wind.
c. pl. The herring-bone-line hatching used to represent mountains on a map.
1900E. T. Fowler Farringdons v, ‘I see. And please what are the mountain-ranges that you are drawing now?’ ‘These,’ replied Elisabeth, covering her map with herring⁓bones, ‘are your scruples.’
d. Furniture. (See quot. 1952.)
1937Burlington Mag. July 45/2 All the ornament required is to be found in the finely figured wood, the craftsmanship displayed in the herringbone and cross-banded borders. 1952J. Gloag Short Dict. Furniture 285 Herringbone, patterns in the form of a herring bone were used on the banding of drop fronts on early 18th century walnut furniture. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 142/1 Herring-bone banding, a decorative veneer border much used on walnut furniture of the late 17th and early 18th cent. consisting of two narrow strips of veneer laid together diagonally forming a pattern resembling a herring-bone or feather [etc.].
e. Skiing. (See quot. 1924.) Also attrib.
1904E. C. Richardson Ski-Running 35 A short, steep bit of slope may be overcome by the methods illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, but both are fatiguing,..especially the ‘herring bone’. 1924Tourist Winter Sports No. 12/1 Herring-bone, a method of climbing without kick-turns which leaves tracks like the well-known stitch. 1972M. Yorke Silent Witness iii. 58 [Her] muscles always screamed after..side-stepping or herring⁓bone climbing.
2. attrib. or adj. Resembling in appearance the bones of a herring.
a. Sewing. herring-bone stitch, a kind of stitch in which the threads are set obliquely at equal angles on opposite sides of a line, or crossing each other: hence herring-bone seam, herring-bone thread. Also absol. = herring-bone stitch, etc.
1659Torriano, A-spina pesce..the hearing-bone stitch. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 453 That kind of stitch called by sempstresses the herring-bone or a flat seam. 1866R. Chambers Ess. Ser. i. 198 Causes your clothes to be..embroidered in the herring-bone fashion. 1880Plain Hints 24 Herring-bone, called ‘cat's teeth’ in the West of England, is the name of the stitch used for flannel work.
b. Arch. Applied to a kind of masonry and of paving in which the stones or tiles are set obliquely in alternate rows so as to form a zigzag pattern: as herring-bone ashlar, herring-bone balk, herring-bone bond, herring-bone work, etc.
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 238 They make a good Pavement, and..[it] looks handsomly, especially if laid Herring⁓bone fashion. 1836Parker Gloss. Archit. s.v., The interior, or backing, of Roman walls is often of irregular herring⁓bone work. 1848Rickman's Archit. App. 36 Rude and wide jointed rag-work, with some herring-bone. 1853Archæol. XXXV. 384 The walls to this room were 3 feet thick, with herring-bone masonry. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times v. (1869) 157 Urns..decorated by..incised patterns in which the chevron or herring-bone constantly recurs.
c. Weaving and Clothmaking. Applied to stuffs in which a zigzag pattern (as in b) is worked: as herring-bone twill, herring-bone-weaving. Also absol., a stuff having a herring-bone pattern.
1860All Year Round No. 53. 63 Barragons and fustians, herringbones, thicksets..dimities and velveteens, for which Bolton was famous. 1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework, Herringbone-twill, a name by which a soft slight dress material is known. 1887Cassell's Fam. Mag. Oct. 697/1 With an interwoven corded stripe, with chevron or herring-bone weaving between.
d. Carpentry. herring-bone bridging, so absol. herring-bone, ‘strutting-pieces between thin joists, diagonally from the top of one to the bottom of another, to prevent lateral deflection’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875).
e. herring-bone coralline (see quots.).
1755J. Ellis Ess. towards Nat. Hist. Corallines 17 Herring-bone Coralline. This Coralline is often found sticking to Oysters as they are brought to the London Market, during the Winter-season. 1850A. Pratt Common Things Sea-side 258 The Herring-bone Coralline (‘Halecium halecinum’) which grows on stones and shells, in the deep parts of the sea. 1915E. R. Lankester Divers. Nat. 97 Very minute jelly-fish,..[which] originate as buds from small branching polyps, one kind of which is common on oyster-shells, and is called ‘the herring-bone coralline’.
f. Designating a type of milking parlour in which the stalls are arranged in a herring-bone pattern.
1957Farmer & Stockbreeder 9 Apr. 45/1 The yard and parlour system obviously attracts those changing over to dairying and the main interest centred on the..herring⁓bone parlour design. 1963Ibid. 5 Mar. 33/2 (Advt.), Gascoigne milking systems. Herringbone parlour for batch milking. 1970Times 9 Mar. 13/5 Another innovation costs {pstlg}120 a milking stall, or {pstlg}600 for this item alone in the five-point herringbone parlour.
▪ II. ˈherring-bone, v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To work with a herring-bone stitch. Also absol. or intr.
1787Mrs. Trimmer Econ. Charity 79 Plain linen Caps, with binders herring-boned with coloured Cruel. 1873R. Broughton Nancy II. 101 She has been teaching me how to herring-bone. 1880Plain Hints 25 The raw edge should be herring-boned down about four or six threads deep.
2. trans. To mark with a herring-bone pattern.
1887T. Hardy Woodlanders III. v. 101 A sanded floor, herring-boned with a broom. Ibid. xv. 307 The herring-boned sand of the floor.
3. To make (a wall, floor, etc.) of herring-bone work. Hence ˈherring-boned ppl. a.
1907W. de Morgan Alice-for-Short ix, A 'erring-boned brick floor.
4. Skiing. (See herring-bone n. 1 e.) Hence herring-boning vbl. n.
1904E. C. Richardson Ski-Running 35 (caption) Herring-boning. 1914Queen 17 Jan. 128/2 He climbed very quickly, looking uncommonly like a monkey up a stick as he herring-boned in jerks up the slope. 1919Century Mag. May 43/1 ‘You're herring-boning!’ shouted Dean. ‘Don't herring-bone! We'll come to that later.’ 1946H. Croome Faithless Mirror 55 Half a dozen boys herringboning up from the road. Ibid. 67 Half a dozen skiers herringboned up the trail towards them. |