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hero, n.|ˈhɪərəʊ|
Pl. heroes |ˈhɪərəʊz|. Forms: 6–7 heros, heroë, 6–8 heroe, 7– hero; pl. 4–7 heroës, 7– heroes (7 hero's).
[Ultimately ad. L. hērō-s, pl. hērō-ēs, a. Gr. ἥρω-ς, pl. ἥρω-ες. In early use the L. or Gr. singular hērōs and pl. hēˈrō-ēs appear unchanged (cf. F. héros sing. from 14th c.); beside them is also found a sing. ˈhero-ë like obs. F. heroë (Cotgr.), It. eroe, Sp. heroe; this became later he-roe, and finally hero. The pl. heroes is now disyllabic.]
1. Antiq. A name given (as in Homer) to men of superhuman strength, courage, or ability, favoured by the gods; at a later time regarded as intermediate between gods and men, and immortal.
The later notion included men of renown supposed to be deified on account of great and noble deeds, for which they were also venerated generally or locally; also demigods, said to be the offspring of a god or goddess and a human being; the two classes being to a great extent coincident.
verse of heroes, the hexameter.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 401 [Sibylla Erythræa] wroot moche of Criste, and þat openliche, as in þis vers of heroes. 1555Eden Decades To Rdr. (Arb.) 49 Goddes made of men whom the antiquitie cauled Heroes. 1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 480 And you beside the honourable band Of great Heroës doo in order stand. Ibid. 593 Here manie other like Heroës bee. 1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. iv, So by Heröes were we led of yore. 1615Chapman Odyss. iv. 420 And what, my young Ulyssean heroë, Provoked thee on the broad back of the sea, To visit Lacedaemon the divine? 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. ii. (1651) 45 Plato..made nine kinds of [spirits]..4 Arch-Angels, 5 Angels, 6 Devils, 7 Heroes. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. iv. (1626) 83 Whom when the Heros saw to hard rocks chaind..He would haue thought her marble. 1632Heywood 1st Pt. Iron Age i. i. Wks. 1874 III. 266 Great Laomedon Denied the Heroe, both the meede propos'd. 1681H. More Exp. Dan. ii. 57 The Vision of that Divine Heros on the white Horse. 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth ii. 220 Mighty men of old, or hero's. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 56 Resembling Heroes, whose Etherial Root Is Jove himself. 1712Addison Spect. No. 417 ⁋6 Homer is in his Province, when he is describing..a Heroe or a God. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Mus. iv. 42 A Chief sings some great Action of a God or Heroe. 1791Cowper Iliad iv. 225 The Hero seeking earnest on all sides Machaon. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. 199 He continued..to receive marks of public reverence approaching to the worship of a hero.
2. A man distinguished by extraordinary valour and martial achievements; one who does brave or noble deeds; an illustrious warrior.
1586Warner Alb. Eng. iii. xvi. 63 After silence short, The Brutaine Heros vailed, and did answere in this sort. 1600W. Watson Decacordon ix. v. (1602) 305 All the heroeces, nobles and gentles of these northern Isles. 1601Shakes. All's Well ii. i. 40 Nobles, Heroes; my sword and yours are kinne. 1684Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 155 He is Master of all the Gallantry of Antient Hero's. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1501 Raleigh..whose breast with all The sage, the patriot, and the hero burn'd. 1747Morell Joshua Chorus, See, the conquering hero comes. 1862Sat. Rev. 13 Sept. 302 The hero must, to give meaning to a meaningless phrase, fight for an idea..There is very little room for heroes in wars carried on to settle successions, to rectify frontiers, or to maintain the balance of power. 1885Edna Lyall In Golden Days I. v. 160 For already Sydney had become his hero of heroes.
3. A man who exhibits extraordinary bravery, firmness, fortitude, or greatness of soul, in any course of action, or in connexion with any pursuit, work, or enterprise; a man admired and venerated for his achievements and noble qualities.
1661Glanvill Van. Dogmatizing xxiv. 240 The sole Instances of those illustrious Heroes, Cartes, Gassendus, Galilæo, Tycho [etc.] will strike dead the opinion of the worlds decay. 1676Dryden Aurengz. i. i, Who would not be the hero of an age? 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4343/1 Some other Protestant Hero like your Majesty. 1764Foote Patron ii. Wks. 1799 I. 340 No man is a hero to his valet de chambre. 1768Johnson Pref. to Shaks. Wks. IX. 245 Shakespeare has no heroes; his scenes are occupied only by men, who act and speak as the reader thinks that he should himself have spoken or acted on the same occasion. 1853Maurice Proph. & Kings iii. 44 David no doubt became a hero in the eyes of the men and the virgins of Israel.
4. The man who forms the subject of an epic; the chief male personage in a poem, play, or story; he in whom the interest of the story or plot is centred.
1697Dryden Virg., Life (1721) I. 62 His Heroe falls into an..ill-tim'd Deliberation. 1711Steele Spect. No. 11 ⁋5 The Youth, who is the Hero of my Story. 1770Junius Lett. xxxviii. 188 The pomp of a mock tragedy, where..even the sufferings of the hero are calculated for derision. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. iv. 175 The great Hindú heroic poem, the ‘Mahá Bhárat’, of which Crishna is, in fact, the hero. 1866Trollope Claverings xxviii, Perhaps no terms have been so injurious to the profession of the novelist as those two words, hero and heroine. In spite of the latitude which is allowed to the writer in putting his own interpretation upon these words, something heroic is still expected; whereas, if he attempt to paint from Nature, how little that is heroic should he describe!
5. attrib. and Comb.
a. appositive, as hero-child, hero-horseman, hero-king, hero-leader, hero-martyr, hero-saint, hero-son, hero-soul, hero-woman;
b. attributive, as hero-air, hero-apartment, hero-cult, hero-dust, hero-fantasy, hero-figure, hero-form, hero-image, hero-race, hero-saga;
c. objective, as hero-nurser;
d. similative, as hero-like adj.;
e. hero-errant [after knight-errant], a hero wandering in quest of adventures; hero sandwich U.S. slang, a very large sandwich; also ellipt. (hero). Also hero-worship n.
1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 306 In the *hero-apartment, as it is called, besides the old Saxon warriors..are to be seen the portraits of all the generals employed by king Augustus.
1871Tylor Prim. Cult. II. Index 417 *Hero-children suckled by beasts.
1945Koestler Yogi & Commissar iii. ii. 197 His famous speech on the 24th anniversary of the Soviet Revolution..which started the new *hero-cult.
1814Byron Ode to Napoleon xii, *Hero dust Is vile as vulgar clay.
1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 147 If Persia be subdued, our *hero-errant must seek adventures at the Ganges.
1960C. Day Lewis Buried Day 22 Nor..did I indulge in the *hero-fantasies of the only child.
1958Punch 23 July 102/3 But surely his agent..built up an image of this untalented scallywag as a top-line genius and *hero-figure for millions who little guessed? 1963Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Jan. 29/3 The bodily posture adopted by Japanese hero-figures.
1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad 327 That *hero-form the Lusian standard rears.
1862Rawlinson Anc. Mon. I. iii. 68 The *hero-founder Nimrod.
1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 63/1 Li'l Abner himself is a cluster of the swarming *hero images.
1840Arnold Hist. Rome II. 266 Alexander's genuine successor, the *hero-king of the race of Achilles.
1670Dryden Grenada (Jod.), Thence *herolike with torches by my side..my love I'll guide.
1706Watts Horæ Lyr. ii. To W. Blackburn v, But there's a heavenly art t' elude the grave, And with the *hero race immortal kindred claim.
1863W. Phillips Speeches xiii. 291, I thought I could hear our *hero-saint saying, ‘I give my sword to the slave’.
1955Sat. Even. Post 1 Jan. 16 When he got back to Brooklyn, the first thing he asked for was an Italian *hero sandwich.., two inches thick and eighteen inches long. 1957Britannica Bk. of Year 512/1 Hero-sandwich, a sandwich made with a whole loaf of bread. 1959R. Condon Manchurian Candidate v. 91 She wiped her mouth with the back of her hand like a labourer who had just finished a hero sandwich and a bottle of beer. 1963M. Scherf Death & Diplomat (1964) v. 62 They have hot and cold heros next door. 1972New Yorker 1 July 21/2 An office just above a hero-sandwich shop.
1870Bryant Iliad I. i. 6 Then the *hero-son of Atreus rose.
1860Geo. Eliot in Life (1885) II. 244 An almost unique presentation of a *hero-woman.
Hence (chiefly nonce-wds.), hero v. trans., to make a hero of; to honour as a hero. ˈheroarchy [after hierarchy], rule or government of heroes. ˈherohead, -hood, -ship, the state, position, or character of a hero. heˈrolatry [after idolatry], hero-worship. ˈheroless a., without a hero. heroˈogony [cf. theogony], generation of heroes. herooˈlogical a., pertaining to the history of heroes. heroˈologist, one who writes or discourses of heroes. heroˈology (also heˈrology), a history of or treatise on heroes. heˈrotheism [Gr. θέος god]: see quot.
1883L. M. Mitchell Hist. Anc. Sculpt. 212 Statues..not of gods, but *heroed mortals.
1840Carlyle Heroes i. (1858) 193 All dignities of rank, on which human association rests, are what we may call a *Heroarchy (Government of Heroes).
1895Athenæum 31 Aug. 284/3 The dim past, before the Olympian divinities had come southwards to absorb their predecessors and degrade..their godhead to *herohead.
1843Carlyle Past & Pr. ii. vii, All his *herohood and insight. 1864Skeat Uhland's Poems 71, I was not nourished For lofty hero-hood.
1806Edin. Rev. VII. 487 The distinction between *herolatry and theolatry, or the sacred rites of heroes and the sacred rites of Gods, was perfectly well known in Greece.
1882Athenæum 9 Sept. 329/3 The history of Ireland is also almost—if we may use the term—*heroless.
1880J. Davies in Encycl. Brit. XI. 777/2 A brief and abruptly terminated *heroogony, or generation of heroes by immortal sires from mortal mothers.
1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. §32. 510 Eusebius..was of opinion that those poetick fables were at first only historical and *herological.
1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry xlvii. III. 195 Holland the *heroologist.
1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. §14. 257 A certain Mixture of Physiology and *Herology or History blended together. 1880J. S. Stallybrass tr. Grimm's Teut. Mythol. xv. I. 366 We may conclude that all the Teutonic races had a pretty fully developed Heroology.
1784Cowper Task iv. 644 His three years of *heroship expired.
1801W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XI. 646 *Herotheism, or the worship of deified men.
▸ orig. U.S.hero-to-zero: a sudden decline in popularity or success, a fall from grace; (also) a person who experiences such a decline. to go (etc.) from hero to zero: to suffer such a decline. Cf. zero-to-hero at zero n. Additions.
1984Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 17 Sept. It was hero-to-zero for Ross, a rookie cornerback opposing quarterbacks have picked on all year. 1985People (Nexis) 19 Aug. 101 You can go from hero to zero in one stroke if you give the wrong yardage. 1996F. Popcorn Clicking iii. 436 Another Hero-to-Zero..had an abusive fall from grace that cost him not only his freedom but also his big-time endorsements. 2001N.Z. Herald (Electronic ed.) 23 Apr. Henry Fa'afili knows how it feels to go from hero to zero after a rush of blood to the head produced the turning-point in the 16-20 loss to the Sharks. |