| 释义 |
hereditary, a. (n.)|hɪˈrɛdɪtərɪ|
Also erron. 7 hær-.
[ad. L. hērēditāri-us, f. hērēditās heredity. Cf. F. héréditaire (15–16th c.). The L. hērēs, hērēd-em, and its derivatives were till recently often written hær-, a spelling formerly also frequent in the English representatives of the family.]
A. adj.
1. Law and Hist. Descending by inheritance from generation to generation; that has been or may be transmitted according to definite rules of descent; legally vesting, upon the death of the holder, in the person designated by the law as his heir.
hereditary countries (of the Austrian German emperors): those which were the original inheritance of the Archdukes of Austria, or were subsequently acquired by marriage, i.e. Upper and Lower Austria, Moravia, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Bohemia, Silesia.
1601Dent Pathw. Heaven (1831) 4 [We] haue inherited his foul corruptions, as it were by hereditary right. c1610Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 63 He lost the Kingdom of Denmark, pretending to make it hereditary, whereas it was elective. 1635–56Cowley Davideis iii. note 33 There was always some haereditary Bowl with which they made their Libations to the Gods, and entertained Strangers. 1675Lond. Gaz. No. 1049/2 From Vienna they write, that..great preparations were making in all the Hereditary Countreys. 1725Pope Odyss. i. 242 To revisit your imperial dome, An old hereditary guest, I come. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. i. 42 All new grants of hereditary offices were prohibited. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. I. vii. 134 An hereditary priesthood..in the family of Aaron.
2. Transmitted in a line of progeny; passing naturally from parents to offspring.
a. esp. in Biol., Pathol., etc., of physical and mental characteristics, diseases, instincts, etc., that are or may be transmitted from generation to generation.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 163 The fault which like vnto a hereditarie lepresie in a mans bodie is uncurable. 1699‘Misaurus’ Hon. of Gout in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 46, I have heard you confess that yours is an hereditary gout. 1826Prichard Phys. Hist. Mankind (ed. 2) ix. i. §3 II. 537 All original or connate peculiarities of body are hereditary. Ibid. 544 Now it appears that such spontaneous tendencies are alone hereditary. 1833Destructive 22 June 166/3 (heading) Absurdity of ‘hereditary wisdom’. 1862D. Wilson Preh. Man II. xxiii. 369 The hereditary instincts of forest life. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sach's Bot. 825 Two different sets of hereditary characters are combined in a hybrid, and there is hence a strong tendency towards the formation of new characters which may be more or less hereditary. 1899W. James Talks to Teachers xiv. 164 The foreign terms ‘déséquilibré’, ‘hereditary degenerate’, and ‘psychopathic’ subject, have arisen in response to the same need. 1928B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms (ed. 4) 176/1 Hereditary symbiosis, the presence of mycobacteria in the tissues, including seeds. 1941J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man ii. 48 The latter [sc. fraternal twins] will have hereditary outfits as different as those of members of the same family born at different times. 1967Mahloudi & Pikielny in Brain XC. 672 With such divergence of opinion, it may be wise to drop the term paramyoclonus multiplex altogether. Instead we suggest the term hereditary essential myoclonus.
b. in Theology.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 495 We shoulde seeme thereby to affirme, that sinne is ex traduce or hereditarie. 1592Davies Immort. Soul viii. xvi, This Sin of Kind, not personal, But real, and hereditary was. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 64 Branded..by God for..their owne wicked assuming of hereditary holinesse.
c. In general sense: Coming to one from one's precursors in national or physical life; identical with or similar to what was possessed by one's parents, so that it might be conceived as having been bequeathed by or inherited from them.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 47 It hath been their hereditarie practise, to stande upon their guard, to prevent their enemies. 1644Nye Gunnery Ded., The Patronage of Arts being hereditary to your noble Ancestors. 1752Young Brothers i. i, Long burnt a fixt hereditary hate, Between the crowns of Macedon and Thrace. a1856H. Miller Cruise Betsey ii. xv. (1889) 483 His actual beliefs appeared to be very considerably at variance with his hereditary creed.
3. Of persons: Holding their position by inheritance.
1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xix. 98 If he have Right to appoint his Successor, he is no more Elective but Hereditary. 1697Dryden æneid Ded., That Romulus was no hereditary prince. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. lxxvi, Hereditary bonds⁓men! know ye not Who would be free themselves must strike the blow? 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. ix. 561 The great possessors of land were now being organized into an hereditary aristocracy.
4. Of, pertaining to, or relating to inheritance.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. 30 It was still a line of hereditary descent; still an hereditary descent in the same blood, though an hereditary descent qualified with protestantism. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. I. 507 In whatever way the peerage be considered, said the enemies of the hereditary principle, the law of descent will be found to be useless. 1879Khory Princ. Med. 4 Abnormal structures are the most obvious instances of hereditary transmission.
B. as n. A hereditary ruler; in pl., the House of Lords.
1836Radical 13 Mar. 4/1 The debate, or rather debates in the House of Commons, on the question of justice to the Irish, are but a sad augury of its ever passing the ‘Hereditaries’ unemasculated. 1932G. B. Shaw Platform & Pulpit (1962) 246 The hereditaries are brought up to exercise their personal power conventionally and leave the rest to their ministers.
▸ hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia n. Med. an inherited (autosomal dominant) disorder characterized by the appearance of multiple telangiectases on the skin and mucous membranes, often with other types of vascular malformation, and usually associated with recurrent bleeding.
1909F. M. Hanes in Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 20 63 (title) Multiple hereditary telangectases causing hemorrhage (*hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia). 1970Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 136213 (title) Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler's disease) as the cause of gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. 2001Obstetrics & Gynecol. 97 813 Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of women with hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations might prevent potentially life-threatening fetomaternal complications. |