| 释义 |
hercynian, a.|həˈsɪnɪən|
[f. L. Hercynia (sc. silva) = Gr. Ἑρκύνιος δρυµός the Hercynian forest (see below and -an).]
1. Applied by and after the ancient writers to the wooded mountain-system of Middle Germany, or to portions of it.
1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Descr. Germanie iv. 266 The Hercynian forrest doth containe the Catti, and is the bounds of their territory. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 276 Bohemia..is incompassed with great Mountaines and the Hercynian woods. 1890J. G. Frazer Golden Bough I. i. 56 Down to the first century before our era the Hercynian forest stretched eastward from the Rhine for a distance at once vast and unknown. 1935W. G. East Hist. Geogr. Europe ii. 51 The Hercynian forest, as Caesar described it, could be crossed in nine days by a fast runner.
2. In Geol. used by different writers in various senses, with allusion to the Harz Mountains.
The word was first used in geology as the G. hercynisch (according to Suess by von Buch) in sense c, and was adopted by several writers, chiefly German and French, in sense a; in 1887 Bertrand (Bull. de la Soc. géol. de France XV. 438) used it in sense b to replace the variscisch und armoricanisch of Suess, and this has become the usual sense in English.
a. Designating one of the Devonian formations of the Harz Mountains; so Hercynian fauna (after Kayser, 1879), Hercynian gneiss (after Gümbel, 1868).
1880J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 3) iii. i. 151 In Europe, the Archæan system has been distinctly recognized in..Bavaria (Hercynian and Bojie Gneiss). 1885Geikie Text Bk. Geol. (ed. 2) 641 Grey gneiss, containing white or grey felspar, and abundant dark magnesia-mica..(termed the Hercynian gneiss). 1893P. Lake tr. Kayser's Text Bk. Compar. Geol. ii. 101 First described by H. Römer and Giebel as Silurian, this Hercynian fauna of the Lower Harz has more recently been compared by E. Beyrich with the fauna of the Bohemian stages F, G, H of Barrande, and was afterwards described by Kayser..as Lower Devonian. 1895J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) iv. ii. 570 Kayser concluded..that the Lower Helderberg formation of America was Hercynian, that is, lowest Devonian. 1906Chamberlin & Salisbury Geology II. viii. 450 The Hercynian fauna which characterizes this stage of the Devonian in southern Europe has much in common with the Helderberg fauna of America. 1955G. G. Woodford tr. Gignoux's Stratigr. Geol. iv. 128 The Hercynian facies of the Lower Devonian appears in the Kellerwald.
b. Of, pertaining to, or contemporaneous with the mountain-building movements that occurred in Europe in late Carboniferous and early Permian times, or the mountains then formed; hence, late Palæozoic; = Armorican a. 2.
1895J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) iv. iii. 734 The ‘Hercynian system’ of Bertrand includes a long range of dislocated Devonian and Carboniferous rocks extending from Brittany to the Vosges and Ardennes, and beyond along the Black Forest, the Harz to Bohemia. 1926Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington No. 375. v. 69 The movements in late Stephanian and in Permian time can best be considered as the final effects of the Hercynian movement. 1935E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 5 The Ardennes of Belgium and much of the Appalachians of America are alike members of the Hercynian System. Ibid. 8 Hercynian in Bertrand's sense has established itself apparently for all time in the literature of France, Switzerland, Britain, and America. 1948R. L. Sherlock Permo-Triassic Formations iv. 40 Like the present Alps, the Hercynian Mountains were the result of the squeezing of the sediments deposited in a Mediterranean Sea, the Palaeozoic Tethys. 1967D. H. Rayner Stratigr. Brit. Isles i. 27 Extending down the centre of England..there are various Carboniferous outcrops whose structures are largely Hercynian in age but which follow older directions.
c. Applied (rarely in English) to those faults, folds, and other geological features in Europe with a predominantly north-western direction.
1904H. B. Sollas tr. Suess's Face of Earth I. i. iii. 121 This..does not exclude the existence in Central Europe of two different directions, which have produced folds and mountain chains striking more to the north-east in the one case, in the other more to the north-west. The former is known as the direction of the Netherlands, the latter as the Hercynian direction. 1909Ibid. IV. v. i. 2 The important point for L. von Buch, when he created the ‘Hercynian system’, was the (orographical) north-westerly direction, for Marcel Bertrand it was the tectonic age. Ibid. 33 These fractures..determine L. von Buch's ‘Hercynian system’, which embraces all the mountains striking to the north-west; many eminent German geologists still describe these long lines as Hercynian. 1935E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 5 For von Buch, the Hercynian character was a west-north-westerly, or north-westerly, trend... Accordingly, among German-speaking tectonists, Hercynian is still commonly employed to group together a very important set of more or less north-westerly fractures and folds that characterize much of Czechoslovakia, Germany, and Scania. |