| 释义 |
▪ I. hæmorrhoid1, hemorrhoid|ˈhɛmərɔɪd|
Usually in pl. Forms (pl.): 4–5 emeraudes, emeroudis, 5 emerowdys, 6 em(e)rodes, emor(r)oydes, (-ades), hemerrhoydes, 6–7 heme-, hemoroids, -oydes, 7 em(e)rods, emroids, hemrods, -roids, hæmrods, hemorroids, hemorrods, 8 hæmorroids, hæmorhoids, 7– hæm-, hemorrhoids. (See also emerods.) β. in Gr.-Lat. form hæmorrhoides |-ˈrəʊɪdiːz|, etc.
[a. OF. emoroyde (13th c. in Godef. Suppl.), in 16th c. hemorrhoïdes (Paré), ad. L. hæmorrhoida (Pliny), ad. Gr. αἱµορροΐς, accus. sing. αἱµορροΐδα, adj. ‘discharging blood’, pl. αἱµορροΐδες (sc. ϕλέβες) veins liable to discharge blood, bleeding piles; deriv. of αἱµόρρο-ος flowing with blood, f. αἱµο- blood- + -ροος flowing. Cf. It. emmorroide, Sp. hemorroíde, -ída.]
1. pl. A disease characterized by tumours of the veins about the anus; = piles, q.v. Rarely sing. One of such tumours, a pile.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xxii. (Tollem. MS.), Slymi water and glewy..heleþ emeroudis [emeroidas curat]. a1400, etc. [see emerods]. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 30 a, The grene leaves [of Rosemary] bruysed doo stoppe the hemorroides. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Q iij, Yf he hath nat had the emorroydes. 1552Huloet, Hemeroydes or pyles in the fundment. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. v. 11 The roote..healeth the inwarde Hemerrhoydes. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 739 It is good also against the Hemroids and Piles. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 51 To stay the excessiue flux of the Hemorrhoids. 1634Harington Salerne's Regim. 3 The Hemoroids and Fistula shall graeve him. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋288 Ulcers begotten of the hæmorrhoides. 1691Ray Creation i. (R.), To give ease and relief in several pains and diseases, particularly in that of the internal hæmorrhoids. a1707Bp. Patrick Autobiog. (1839) 28 This brought upon me the hoemaroides. 1872T. G. Thomas Dis. Women (ed. 3) 123 Painful hæmorrhoids. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 26 The formation of hæmorrhoids as the result of sedentary occupations.
†2. pl. = Hæmorrhoidal veins. Obs. [So in F.]
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 289 Emoroides ben veines þat endiþ in a mannes ers & ben .v. 1533Elyot Cast Helthe iii. x. (R.), Hemorroides be vaynes in the foundement. 1541[see hæmorrhoidal 2].
3. attrib. or as adj. = hæmorrhoidal.
1601Holland Pliny II. 170 They will stanch bloud, [if] it..issue by the hæmorrhoid veins.
Hence ˌhæmorrhoiˈdectomy, the surgical removal of hæmorrhoids.
1917V. C. David in Surg. Clinics Chicago I. 543 (title) Local anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy. Ibid. 552 Infiltration anesthesia with novocain offers a safe and technically simple method for hemorrhoidectomy. 1949M. Lowry Let. Oct. (1967) 182 I'm glad you're better now after your operation—the combination of a haemorrhoidectomy with a Catholic institution sounds sadistic. 1967S. Taylor et al. Short Textbk. Surg. xxiii. 319 In third degree piles.., haemorrhoidectomy is indicated.
▪ II. † hæmorrhoid2 Obs.
Also hæmorrhe, and in Lat. form hæmorrhoïs, -rhus.
[ad. L. hæmorrhoïs, -ïdem (Pliny), a kind of poisonous serpent, a. Gr. αἱµορροΐς: etym. as in prec. The forms hæmorrhe and -rhus go back upon med.L. hæmorrhous (Du Cange), Gr. αἱµόρροος.]
A serpent whose bite was fabled to cause unstanchable bleeding.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. x. (1495) 763 Emorois is a maner adder, and hath that name, for he suckyth the blood of hym that he smyteth. 1601Holland Pliny II. 150 A singular counterpoison..against al serpents, but principally the Hæmorrhoids and the Salamanders. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 731 Of the Hæmorrhe. This Serpent..is called in Latine, Hæmorrhous, to signifie unto us the male, and Hæmorrhois, to signifie the female. 1627May Lucan ix. (1631) 814 In scaly folds the great Hæmorrhus lyes. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 440 The wounds of the Hæmorrhois procure unstanchable bleeding. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. IV. 126 The Hæmorrhois, so called from the hæmorrhages which its bite is said to produce. |