| 释义 |
hemisphere|ˈhɛmɪsfɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 4–5 hemy-, hemi-, -sperie, -ye, 4–6 emy-, emi-, (eme)sperie, -ry, 6 hemispherie, -ye. β. 5 h)emyspere, 6 emispere, hemispher, 6–7 -sphære, 7–8 hemisphear(e, 6– hemisphere.
[In form hemispherie, etc., ad. late L. hēmisphærium, a. Gr. ἡµισϕαίριον, f. ἡµι- hemi- + σϕαῖρα sphere; in form hemisphere, through OF. emispere, -sphere (13–14th c.), mod.F. hémisphère.]
1. generally. A half sphere; one of the halves of a sphere or globe formed by a plane passing through the centre.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xviii. 51 Al made of very cleare glasse..in forme of a rounde Hemisphere. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 11 In one of our Critical Observations, I could see more then a hemisphere of the eye at once. 1796Hutton Dict. Math. s.v., The centre of gravity of a Hemisphere, is five-eighths of the radius distant from the vertex. 1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 331 A hemisphere of the cocoa-nut shell is used as a lamp to burn its own oil. 1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §325 The sphere of projection is divided into hemispheres by a single symmetral plane.
b. Magdeburg hemispheres, a contrivance invented by Otto von Guericke of Magdeburg to demonstrate the pressure of the air.
It consists of two strong hollow nicely-fitting brass hemispheres, each of which is furnished with a handle, and one with a cock to be adjusted to an air-pump. When they are fitted together and the air has been exhausted, great force is required to separate them.
1815in Hutton Math. Dict. 1858Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil. 179 Two of the strongest men will be unable to tear the hemispheres asunder, provided they are of a moderate magnitude, owing to the amount of the pressure with which they are held together.
2. spec. Half of the celestial sphere; in early quots., esp. that half of the heavens seen above the horizon, the sky above us; in Astron., usually, one of the halves into which the celestial globe is divided by the equinoctial or by the ecliptic. (The earliest sense in Eng.)
αc1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1390 (1439) (Harl. MS.) Ther god..Þe for thyn haste..So fast ay to our hemysperie [v. rr. emesperie, hemy-spere] bynde! c1391― Astrol. i. §18 The cercle þat deuydeth the two Emysperies, þat is, the partie of the heuene a-boue the Erthe & the partie be-nethe. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xx. 90 We schuld hafe sene all þe roundeness of þe firmament, þat es to say bathe þe emisperies, þe vppermare and þe nedermare. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. v, With the brightnes of his beames merye For to reioyse all our Hemisperie. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. i. x, When cleare Dyana..Gan for to ryse, lightyng our emispery.
β [Cf. quot. c 1374 in α].a1532? Lydg. Goodly Balade 27 (Skeat, Chaucerian Pieces 406) The rude night, that..shadoweth our emispere [rime dere]. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 38 The sternis & planetis..durst nocht be sene in oure hemispere. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Hemisphere, halfe of the compasse of heauen, that we see. 1607J. Davies Summa Totalis D ij b, Fal'n to rest beneath our Hemyspheare. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Shepherd, The Sun keeps on the Left Hand of the Hemisphear. 1892R. S. Ball In Starry Realms xxi. 304 The number of stars in the northern hemisphere alone is upwards of three hundred thousand. We may assume that the southern hemisphere has an equally numerous star-population.
3. One of the halves of the terrestrial globe, esp. as divided by the equator (Northern hemisphere and Southern hemispheres). Also the halves containing Europe, Asia, and Africa (Eastern hemisphere), and America (Western hemisphere), respectively.
α1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 280 No generall eclipse, whiche should extende to all the worlde, namely for that hemispherye. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 51 Neyther dydde any..trauerse the Equinoctial line to thinferiour hemispherie or halfe globe of the earthe and sea. 1561― Arte Nauig. i. xiv. 14 b, Also called y⊇ Hemisphery.
β1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 125 A Card, for halfe the face of th' Earth whiche..wyll conveniently serve for our Hemisphere. 1624Donne Serm. xvii. 167 The Western Hemisphere the land of Gold and Treasure; The Eastern Hemisphere the Land of Spices and Perfumes. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Sacrifice vii, These drops..A Balsome are for both the Hemispheres. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. vii. 312 The ancient Cosmographers doe place the division of the East and Westerne Hemisphere, that is the first terme of longitude in the Canary or fortunate Islands. 1753Adventurer No. 99 ⁋9 When Columbus had engaged king Ferdinand in the discovery of the other hemisphere. 1833Herschel Astron. (1858) 186 It is a fact..that London occupies nearly the center of the terrestrial hemisphere.
b. hemisphere of vision, h. of illumination.
1812Woodhouse Astron. xxiii. 241 The illuminated hemisphere, called, for distinction, the Hemisphere of Illumination. Ibid. 242 The hemisphere which he sees, called the Hemisphere of Vision.
4. A map or projection of half the terrestrial globe or the celestial globe.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., The Maps or Prints of the Heavens pasted on Boards or Cloth are also sometimes call'd Hemispheres, but more commonly Planispheres. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. (1872) I. 25 There was a map—a hemisphere of the world—which his father had drawn.
5. Anat. Each of the halves of the cerebrum of the brain. (See cerebral.)
1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 188 Inflammation operating probably chiefly on the left hemisphere of the brain. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 409 This surface of the brain has been regarded..as formed of several distinct regions, which they have named Lobes, and which occupy the base of the hemispheres. 1846Owen Comp. Anat. Vertebr. viii. 181 note, Influenced by the inapplicability of the term ‘hemispheres’ to parts which are more commonly spheres or spheroids. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. ix. 366 A very deep fissure running from before backwards, and dividing the visible part of the brain into two lateral halves termed hemispheres.
6. transf. and fig. A realm or region of action, life, or thought; = ‘sphere’. In earlier quots. directly fig. from 2.
1503Hawes Examp. Virt. xiv. (Arb.) 66 It may well glad thyn emyspery. 1608D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor. 38 b, When..the starre of merit shal appear within the compasse of their Hemisphere, and offer presents. 1699Garth Dispens. ii. 16 To guild, by turns, the Gallick Hemisphear. 1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. §2. 265 To surmise the possibility, as beyond the hemisphere of my knowledge. 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. iii. 75 He is a cheering..gleam coming across the dark hemisphere of treachery, mistrust and unkindness. |